Yadda ake rubuta da tabbatar da adireshin fita na VPN da ka yi amfani da shi
Manhajojin abokin ciniki suna nuna sunan wuri, ba adireshin da zirga-zirgarka ta fita ba. Riƙe IP na fita lokacin haɗawa kuma kwatanta shi da tushen layi kai tsaye.
Tambayi abokin ciniki na VPN na tebur waɗanne sabar ka yi amfani da su, amsar gaskiya yawanci sunan wuri ne. Wannan sunan shine ƙofar shiga da ka zaɓa, kuma adireshin da zirga-zirgarka ta fita na iya zama wata na'ura daban gaba ɗaya. Babu wani abu a cikin manhajar da aka ƙera don adana lamba ta biyu, don haka sai an gina rikodin a lokacin amfani. Akwai hanyoyi biyu, kuma ɗaya ne kawai a cikinsu ke jure wa shari'ar tallafi.
Rikodi biyu, kuma ɗaya ne kawai a cikinsu yake wanzuwa
Ra'ayin abokin ciniki kansa a mafi kyawu jerin wuraren da aka zaɓa ne da hatimin lokaci. Wannan shawara ce ta ƙira ba sakaci ba: adireshi bayani ne na aiki, suna juyawa tsakanin rabo, kuma bayyana taswirar yana sa tallafi da magance cin zarafi su yi wahala. Masu bayarwa suna sanya kwafin girgije a gaban cibiyoyin sadarwarsu domin ƙarshen wuri ya iya ƙaura ba tare da gaya wa kowa ba. Abin da manhajar ke nuna maka shine zaɓin da ka yi, ba hanyar da zirga-zirgar ta bi ba.
Rikodin da za ka iya ginawa fayil ne na cikin gida mai adireshin jama'a ɗaya da hatimin lokacin UTC ɗaya a kowace layi. Ya fi ƙanƙanta, ya fi muni kuma ya fi amfani sosai, domin yana kwatanta daidai abin da mai kallo daga waje ma zai iya gani.
Zaɓi A: ka riƙe adireshin fita da kanka
Sabis ɗin amsa yana mayar da adireshin tushen da buƙatar ta zo daga gare shi, wanda a ma'anar shine adireshin fita. Ka gudanar da riƙon bayan ramin ya ba da labarin an haɗa, domin abokin ciniki da ya ce an haɗa kafin hanyoyi da DNS su daidaita zai rubuta adireshin kafin ramin kuma ya gurɓata rikodin tun daga layin farko.
#!/bin/sh
umask 077
log="$HOME/vpn-exit.log"
printf '%s %s\n' "$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)" "$(curl -fsS https://api.ipify.org)" >> "$log"
Cikakkun bayanai biyu suna sa wannan ɓangaren ya zama mai amfani ba ado ba. Hatimin lokaci da adireshi suna raba layi ɗaya, don haka bincike na gaba ba ya buƙatar haɗa rikodi, kuma umask 077 yana kiyaye fayil ɗin a asirce tun lokacin da aka ƙirƙira shi. Ka gudanar da shi sau ɗaya ga kowace haɗawa ba sau ɗaya ga kowace tashin na'ura ba, kuma ka ajiye fayil ɗaya ga kowace na'ura.
Rikodin yana rubuta lokacin da ka yi amfani da rami da kuma daga wace cibiyar sadarwa ka bayyana, wanda ya fi kusa da tarihin bincike fiye da ƙididdiga. Zaɓi lokacin ajiya da za ka iya karewa, ka ajiye fayil ɗin a wajen manyan fayilolin daidaitawa da aka raba, kuma ka goge shi da gangan.
Zaɓi B: nemi tarihi daga mai bayarwa
Wasu masu bayarwa suna ajiye rikodin haɗawa kuma za su amsa tambayar tallafi da hatimin lokaci da sunan sabar. Wannan rikodin yana kwatanta kayan aikin su ba zirga-zirgarka ba, kuma yana da ƙima gwargwadon taga ajiyarsu da shirye-shiryensu na dubawa. Har ila yau yana kwatanta zama, ba buƙata ba. Tagar yawanci gajera ce, kuma ana auna ta daga ɓangaren mai bayar da ramin.
Masu bayarwa da ke tallata cewa ba sa ajiye rikodi ba za su iya samar da wannan akan buƙata ba, kuma jerin wuraren kwanan nan a ɓangaren abokin ciniki ba abu ɗaya ba ne. Neman adireshin fita daga mai bayarwa mara rikodi yawanci yana ƙarewa da bayanin dalilin da yasa waɗannan bayanan babu su.
Abin da kowane rikodi zai iya tabbatarwa a shari'ar tallafi
Rikodi biyu suna amsa tambayoyi daban-daban, kuma a cikin tebur ne kwatancen ya daina zama na ilimi.
| Question | Your local log | Provider record |
|---|---|---|
| Which address did the traffic leave from? | Yes, for the moment it was captured | Usually not disclosed |
| Was the tunnel in use at 14:20? | Yes, if the capture ran | Yes, within the retention window |
| Why did a location get slower? | Yes, by comparing addresses over time | Sometimes, as an infrastructure note |
| Who sent this specific request? | No | No |
Rukunin farko ne kawai ke cikin ikonka. Rikodin mai bayarwa zai iya tabbatar da cewa an haɗa asusu a wani lokaci, amma ba zai iya tabbatar da waɗanne buƙatu suka yi amfani da ramin ba, kuma ba zai ambaci adireshin da mai bayarwa ke ɗauka a matsayin bayanin aiki ba. Babu rikodin da ke gano mutum, domin adireshin fita da aka raba na iya ɗaukar abokan ciniki da yawa a cikin minti ɗaya.
Kwatanta duka biyu da tushen layi kafin ka amince da ɗaya
Adireshi shi kaɗai ba ya tabbatar da komai. Riƙe adireshin kai tsaye kafin haɗawa, adireshin ta cikin rami bayan haka, kuma kwatanta su. Ƙima iri ɗaya na nufin ramin ba ya ɗaukar wannan buƙatar, ko saboda rami da aka raba, wakili mai rinjaye ko abokin ciniki da ya koma hanyar kai tsaye.
curl -fsS https://api.ipify.org; echo
curl -fsS https://api64.ipify.org; echo
dig +short TXT o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @1.1.1.1
Maimaita kwatancen don DNS da don IPv6, domin amsar adireshi tana tabbatar da hanyar buƙatar HTTP ɗaya kuma ba ta ce komai game da wane mai warwarewa ya amsa ba. Na'urar da ke yoyo a ɗaya na iya zama kamar lafiya a ɗayan.