Ikon kulawa na iyaye ba samfur ɗaya ba ne. Ka’ida na iya zama a kan na’urar sadarwa, a cikin sabis ɗin DNS, a cikin asusun tsarin aiki, a cikin wani burauza ko a kowace manhaja. VPN yana canza abin da hanyar sadarwa za ta iya gani, kuma ba ya canza kome game da iyakar lokaci a matakin asusu. Yi waɗannan gwaje-gwaje ɗaya kafin da bayan ƙara ramin, kuma rabuwar za ta bayyana a maimakon zama abin muhawara.

Rubuta wace ka’ida take a ina

Fara da jeri: na’ura, asusu, burauza da manhaja, sannan hanyar da take tilasta kowace bukata. Iyakokin lokaci yawanci suna cikin asusun dandali. Takunkumin shigarwa da saye ma suna nan. Tacewar abin ciki ita ce mara tabbas, domin tana iya zama ka’idar na’urar sadarwa, amsar DNS, manufar burauza ko fasalin matakin manhaja. Kowanne daga cikinsu yana ɗaukar daban da zarar an lulluɓe zirga-zirga.

MechanismWhere it operatesWhat a tunnel changes
Router or DNS filterThe network path or the resolverHides destinations and queries inside the tunnel
OS account limitsThe device and the signed-in accountNothing about the internet exit
Browser policyA specific browser under a managed accountDepends on whether that browser uses the tunnel
App-level restrictionThe application itselfUsually independent of routing

Jerin da aka yi kafin canjin shi ne hanya ɗaya tilo ta bambance koma baya da abin da bai taɓa aiki ba.

Yi ma’aunin farko kafin ka shigar da wani abu

Rubuta wane mai warwarewa yake amsawa, wace hanya wani alkibla na yau da kullum yake bi, da kuma ko wani shafi da aka sani an toshe shi. Sannan sake maimaita waɗannan abubuwan lura guda uku, a cikin wannan tsari, a kan wannan na’ura.

resolvectl status | head -20
ip route get 203.0.113.10
dig +short example.com

Fitowar mai warwarewa tana nuna ko na’urar tana amfani da DNS na na’urar sadarwa ko mai warwarewa na sirri da aka saita a na’urar. Wannan daki-daki ɗaya yana bayyana yawancin mamaki, domin na’urar da ke amfani da nata mai warwarewa mai ɓoyewa ba ta taɓa tuntuɓar matatar gida ba. Ka riƙe ainihin bukatar gida a cikin sauƙin harshe kusa da kowane sakamako. «Babu kafofin sada zumunta bayan ƙarfe tara» da «wannan na’urar sadarwa tana toshe jerin yanki» bukatu daban-daban ne da masu su daban, kuma rami yana shafar ɗaya daga cikinsu kawai.

Sake waɗannan gwaje-gwaje yayin da ramin yake a buɗe

Bayan an haɗa ramin, sake gwaje-gwajen mai warwarewa da hanya. Idan mai warwarewa ya koma na sirri, tacewar na’urar sadarwa ba ta cikin hanya kuma, ko da na’urar tana kan cibiyar sadarwar gida.

resolvectl status | head -20
ip route get 203.0.113.10
curl -sS -o /dev/null -w '%{http_code}\n' https://example.com

Hanyar da yanzu ta bi ta ramin tana bayyana asarar tacewar na’urar sadarwa ba tare da nuna cewa iyakokin asusu sun daina aiki ba. Duba iyakar asusu daban, ta hanyar karanta ta a cikin saitunan dandalin kansa maimakon tsinkayar ta daga wani shafi da aka toshe. Sakamakon burauza yana buƙatar irin wannan kulawa. Matatar da ta shafi asusun yaro da aka shiga kawai a cikin burauza ɗaya ba ta ce kome ba game da wata burauza ko wata manhajar tebur da aka buɗe a wajenta.

Warware rikice-rikice maimakon kashe abubuwa

Samfura biyu da dukansu suke son mallakar tsawo na cibiyar sadarwa ta na’urar na iya yin karo, kuma alamar da aka saba ita ce ɗayansu ya ƙi haɗawa. Cire kariyar don ramin ya yi aiki hanya ce mara kyau. Karanta bayanan jituwa na dillalai biyu ka zaɓi tsarin da zai riƙe bukatar. Wani lokaci hakan yana nufin motsa matatar zuwa wani mataki, kamar bayanin na’ura mai kulawa, maimakon tafiyar da manhajoji biyu da suke faɗa kan ƙugiya ɗaya.

Idan an toshe ingantaccen kayan makaranta ko na aiki, ba wa mai kula da gida hanyar amincewa da aka rubuta. Keɓewa da dalili da ranar bita ana iya kiyaye shi; tarin sauye-sauyen cibiyar sadarwa na gaggawa ba haka ba.

Ka riƙe rikodin ƙarami kuma na yau da kullum

Shafi ɗaya ya isa: na’urori, asusu, wace hanya ke tilasta kowace ka’ida da ranar da aka ƙarshe duba. Sake gwaje-gwajen bayan babban sabuntawar manhaja, domin tsawon cibiyar sadarwa da manufofin burauza suna motsi tsakanin sigogi.

Rubuta rikodin don wanda zai gyara wannan bayan watanni shida, wanda zai iya zama kai bayan ka manta kowane daki-daki. Ambaci hanyoyin maimakon samfuran, kuma bayanan za su ci gaba da yin ma’ana bayan canza suna.

Labarai masu alaƙa