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Umhubhe uyeka ukwamukela ukuxhumana, isevisi iqala kabusha izikhathi ezimbili, bese kungabonakali lutho kulogi yayo. Lokho kuthula kuwumkhondo, ngoba ilogi yiyo egcwalise idiski futhi i-daemon ayinandawo yokubhala iphutha olilindile. Noma iyiphi isevisi esebenza isikhathi eside ingafinyelela kuleso simo, futhi ukususa ifolda ebizwa nge-logs akuvamisile ukulungisa lokho. Isixazululo esihlala njalo ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi indawo yokugcina ekhulile, ubani ongumnikazi wenqubomgomo yayo yokugcina, nokuthi umbhali uyidedele ngempela yini indawo.

Thola indawo yokugcina ekhulile, kanye nezinga ekhule ngalo

Qala ngezinombolo ezimbili okulula ukuzikhohlwa: amabhulokhi akhululekile nama-inode akhululekile. Uhlelo lwamafayela lungabika indawo eningi futhi lunqabe ukubhala ngoba awekho ama-inode asele, lokhu okwenzeka lapho isevisi idala ifayela elilodwa ngesikhathi ngasinye. Cela kokubili ukufundwa kuvolumu efanayo, ngoba izimpendulo zingashayisana ntambama efanayo. Kwenze ngesikhathi umgcini wamafayela ephilile, ukuze izinombolo zichaze ukusebenza okuvamile hhayi ukuphazamiseka.

df -h /var
df -i /var

Bese uhlobanisa ukukhula nomnikazi. Inombolo yokusetshenziswa ye-journal ngokwayo ihlanganisa i-journal kuphela, futhi ngeke neze ibone i-daemon ebhala endleleni evela kufayela layo lokumisa.

journalctl --disk-usage

Ukukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kusho okuningi kunanoma yikuphi ukufundwa okukodwa. Izinga lokulungisa elishiywe livuliwe, umjikelezo wokuzama kabusha obhala wonke umzamo, noma ifayela lokuthwebula okungekho owalimisa: ngakunye kungabonakala kuvamile ngomzuzu bese kukhathaza ngemva kwehora. Thatha ukufundwa okukodwa, linda isikhathi esimatasa, thatha okunye, bese uhlukanisa ngesikhathi esiphakathi. Izinga ongalisho liguqula umthamo ube yisinqumo hhayi umlilo.

Okwenziwa ukujikeleza kufayela elivuliwe

Ifayela lelogi yigama elikhomba ku-inode, futhi indawo ibuyiselwa kuphela lapho isibambi sokugcina esivuliwe sivalwa. Qamba ifayela kabusha futhi umbhali uyaqhubeka egcwalisa i-inode efanayo; lisuse futhi umbhali uyaqhubeka egcwalisa i-inode engenalo nhlobo igama. Yileso simo esenza ukuthi «ngisuse ifayela kodwa idiski lahlala ligcwele» kuchaze izincazelo zamafayela hhayi uhlelo lwamafayela olohlisiwe. Ukuqala kabusha umbhali, noma ukukhetha indlela yokujikeleza evula ifayela futhi, yikho okubuyisela amabhulokhi ngempela.

lsof +L1 | head

Inqubomgomo ingeyengxenye ebhala ifayela. I-journal iphoqelela imikhawulo yayo yokugcina kusuka kufayela layo lokumisa, kuyilapho isevisi esekelwe kumafayela ivamise ukuncika ku-logrotate, kungaba ngomthetho wokwakha kanye nesiginali yokuvula futhi noma ngendlela yokusika endaweni lapho umbhali engakwazi ukuvula futhi. Qinisekisa isinqumo ngaphandle kokushintsha lutho kuqala:

logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.conf

Umkhawulo kufanele ube kuphi, futhi kufanele ube mkhulu kangakanani

Beka umkhawulo lapho umbhali eqanjwe khona, hhayi endaweni yokuxhuma. Isabelo kuvolumu yonke sivikela umgcini kodwa asisho ukuthi iyiphi isevisi ehluleka kuqala, futhi umbhalo wokuhlanza womhlaba wonke uvamise ukususa ubufakazi obuzodingwa yisigameko esilandelayo. Umkhawulo we-journal, inani lokujikeleza elinosayizi ophezulu kanye nokugcinwa kwezinga lokusebenza, ngakunye kubopha umkhiqizi oyedwa. Ngokuhlanganyela babopha ingqikithi; ngabodwana ngakunye kuwukuqagela.

Linganisa lowo mkhawulo kusukela esikhathini sokugcina ongasivikela, hhayi endaweni ekhululekile etholakalayo. Uma ukubuyekezwa kudinga iviki lokuzama ukuxhumana, i-journal kufanele igcine iviki ngezinga eliphezulu elilindelekile, futhi leso yisibalo esilinganiswe ngaphambili.

Ukubhalwa kokulungisa kuyindlela yesikhashana enesikhathi sokuqala esibhaliwe, hhayi uhlelo lokugcina. Gcina umbuzo wobumfihlo ngaphakathi kwesinqumo esifanayo, ngoba amalogi okuxhumana athwala amakheli nezihlonzi. Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside futhi kuwukukhetha kwephathwa kwedatha, futhi kufanele kwenziwe umuntu owazi yomibili imikhawulo.

Qinisekisa umkhawulo ngemva kokuqala kabusha

Ushintsho lokugcina oluhlala kuze kube ukuqala kabusha okulandelayo akulona ushintsho. Qala kabusha umbhali, qinisekisa ukuthi umkhawulo omusha uyasebenza, futhi uhlole ukuthi ukujikeleza kusasebenza ngemva kwalokho. Kwi-journal, ukuqala kabusha okukodwa nokufundwa kokusetshenziswa okukodwa kuphendula yomibili imibuzo:

systemctl restart systemd-journald
journalctl --disk-usage

Kwisevisi esekelwe kumafayela, sebenzisa umsebenzi wokujikeleza ngesandla kanye futhi qinisekisa ukuthi ifayela lishintshiwe futhi isichazi sivulwe futhi. Umbhali ogcina isibambi esidala udlula ukuhlolwa okungaphezulu futhi uhluleka ngokuzayo lapho ivolumu igcwala. Qaphela indawo ekhululekile phakathi nokuhlolwa, ngoba ifayela elinciphile kanti indawo ayibuyanga lisho ukuthi i-inode endala isabanjwe.

Qhathanisa ukufundwa okulandelayo nalokhu

Buya ngemva kweviki futhi uqhathanise izinga lokukhula nalelo elirekhodiwe. Izinga elifanayo lisho ukuthi umkhawulo uyabamba futhi umthwalo uzinzile; izinga eliphindwe kabili lisho ukuthi kukhona okushintshile, futhi umbuzo owusizo uthi yini. Funda okuqukethwe kwelogi ukuze uthole ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe kuqala, ngoba umjikelezo wokuzama futhi uyisibonakaliso futhi uyimbangela yomthamo. Bese uhlola noma yini esanda kunikwa amandla, kuhlanganise namazinga okulungisa avulwe phakathi kwesigameko futhi angavalwanga neze.

Gcina amakhophi okusekela ngaphandle kwevolumu efanayo, noma wamukele ukuthi idiski elilodwa eligcwele lizothatha ikhophi lihambe nalo. Ikhophi ebhalwe kumgcini eyivikelayo akulona uhlelo lokubuyisela, futhi ukugcinwa kwayo kudinga impendulo yayo.

Bhala phansi ukuthi yini egcinwayo, kuphi, isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi ubani oyisusayo. Lowo mugqa uyisiphumo, futhi uyiyo kuphela ingxenye yalo msebenzi ehlala ngemva kokuqala kabusha okulandelayo.