I-metric yomzila we-VPN ishintshile ngemva kokuxhuma: kusho ukuthini
I-metric ephansi ixazulula kuphela ukulingana phakathi kwemizila ecacile ngokulinganayo. Funda umthetho wenqubomgomo, isiqalo kanye nomzila womsingathi wendawo yokugcina ngaphambi kokushintsha noma iyiphi inombolo yomzila we-VPN.
Uxhuma i-VPN, usebenzisa i-route print, futhi umzila ozenzakalelayo manje uthwala i-metric ephansi kakhulu kunangaphambili. Isiphetho esingokwemvelo ukuthi i-VPN yathatha umzila ozenzakalelayo ngoba inombolo yawo incane. Kwesinye isikhathi yikho ngempela okwenzeka. Ezikhathini eziningi i-metric akuyona neze into enqumayo, futhi ukuyishintsha akushintshi lutho ngoba ukukhetha kwenziwa ngaphambili, ngobude besiqalo noma ngumthetho wenqubomgomo.
Uphawu luyiqiniso: ithrafikhi eyayiphuma nge-adaptha ye-Wi-Fi manje iphuma ngomhubhe, noma okuphambene. I-metric ingenye yokufaka kokusesha okwenzeka ngokulandelana okungaguquki, futhi yilokho kulandelana okufanele ukufunde ngaphambi kokuthinta inombolo.
Inombolo iqhudelana nani ngempela
Ukuqhathanisa kokuqala ukucaca, hhayi ukukhetha. Umzila we-10.20.0.0/16 uyawunqoba i-10.0.0.0/8, futhi womabili anqoba i-0.0.0.0/0, kungakhathalisekile ukuthi ama-metric awo athini. I-VPN efaka umzila ozenzakalelayo one-metric ephansi kakhulu emshinini isahlezi ihlulwa yinoma imuphi umzila ocace kakhudlwana ohambisana nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo, kuhlanganise nomzila womsingathi okhishwe iklayenti owenzela iseva yalo.
Yingakho ukwehlisa i-metric kumzila ozenzakalelayo kungenakho ukuphoqelela inethiwekhi encane exhunyiwe ngokuqondile ukungena emhubheni. Uma ufuna leyo nethiwekhi encane ngaphakathi kwe-VPN, engeza umzila wesiqalo noma khetha ithebula lomhubhe ngomthetho wenqubomgomo. I-metric iyisigxobo esingalungile salowo msebenzi.
| Check in this order | Question | Where you read it |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Policy and table | Which routing table does this traffic use? | ip rule, client profile |
| 2. Prefix length | Which matching route is most specific? | route print, ip route |
| 3. Metric | Which of the equally specific routes is preferred? | route print, ip route |
| 4. Interface state | Is the chosen next hop reachable? | adapter status, link state |
I-Linux inquma ithebula ngaphambi kwe-metric
Ku-Linux ikherneli ibuka kuqala isizindalwazi senqubomgomo. I-ip rule ibala imithetho namathebula ewakhethayo, futhi i-ip route get 203.0.113.10 ibika ithebula, umzila nekheli lomthombo ikherneli engayisebenzisa ngempela kuleyo ndawo. I-metric ngaphakathi kwethebula 100 ayilokothi iqhudelane nomzila osethebula eliyinhloko, ngoba umthetho ukhethe ithebula ngaphambi kokuba kuqhathaniswe noma iyiphi i-metric.
Yingakho umzila ungabonakala ulungile ku-ip route show table all futhi ungathwali thrafikhi. Funda umthetho ohambisanayo, bese ufunda ithebula eliwukhethile, bese uqhathanisa imizila engaphakathi kulo. Uma kukhethwe ithebula elingalungile, akukho kushintshwa kwe-metric kwelinye ithebula okuzosiza.
I-Windows ihlanganisa ama-metric amabili
I-Windows ayinayo isizindalwazi senqubomgomo ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ihlanganisa i-metric yomzila ne-metric yesixhumanisi, futhi i-metric yesixhumanisi ezenzakalelayo ingashintsha ngokushesha kwesixhumanisi nangesimo se-adaptha. Yingakho umzila ofanayo ungaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ngemva kokuvela kwesiteshi sokudokha noma i-adaptha ebonakalayo. I-Find-NetRoute -RemoteIPAddress 203.0.113.10 ibika ikheli lomthombo, igxathu elilandelayo nesixhumanisi okukhethiwe, okusondelene kakhulu nesinqumo sangempela kunethebula eliluhlaza.
Funda amanani omzila nesixhumanisi kanyekanye. Ukunyusa i-metric yesixhumanisi kungahambisa ithrafikhi ngaphandle kokuthi kushintshe noma yikuphi ukufakwa komzila, futhi iklayenti le-VPN eliphethe imizila yalo lizoyifaka kabusha lapho lixhuma futhi lilahle ukuhlela kwakho.
Gcina indawo yokugcina yomhubhe ingaphandle komhubhe
Wonke umhubhe udinga indlela eya kuseva yawo hlangana engadluli emhubheni. Amaklayenti afaka umzila womsingathi wendawo yokugcina ngesango lomzimba, futhi lowo mzila kufanele uhlale ucace kakhudlwana kunomzila ozenzakalelayo owengezwa iklayenti. Yisuse, noma vumela umhubhe ukuthi unqobe ukusesha kwalelo kheli, futhi amaphakethe afakiwe azozama ukungena emhubheni okufanele bawakhe. Ukuxhumana kuyahluleka noma kungene emjikelezweni.
Hlola lowo mzila womsingathi ngaphambi nangemva kwanoma yikuphi ukushintshwa kwe-metric: kufanele ukhombe egxathwini elilandelayo lomzimba futhi umelane nokuxhuma kabusha. Uma iklayenti uyiphethe, shintsha iphrofayela noma ukulungiselelwa okuphethwe esikhundleni senani lesikhathi sokusebenza elizobhalwa phezulu.
Hlola zombili izinhlobo zamakheli kanye nomongo wohlelo lokusebenza
I-IPv4 ne-IPv6 izinqumo ezihlukene namathebula ahlukene. I-VPN ingathwala i-IPv4 ngesikhathi i-IPv6 isaqhubeka nokusebenzisa umzila wasekhaya, futhi ukushintsha kwe-metric kolunye uhlobo akusho lutho ngolunye. Hlola kokubili, bese uhlola umongo wohlelo lokusebenza. Inqubo eboshelwe esixhumanisini, indawo yamagama yesiqukathi noma i-VPN yohlelo ngalunye ingabona ithebula elihlukile kunelokho kwe-shell yakho.
Qinisekisa ngethuluzi elibika isinqumo sendawo yokugcina yangempela, hhayi ngohlu oluphelele lwethebula. Uma umzila okhethiwe uyilowo okuhloswe ngumklamo, yima. I-metric engeyona inombolo encane kakhulu esikrinini akuyona iphutha, futhi ukuyiphoqelela ukuba ibe ngeyona encane kungaphula indlela yendawo yokugcina umhubhe oncike kuyo.