Isivikelo sokuvala se-VPN: yikuphi ukuhamba kwedatha okukuvimbayo futhi nini
Ukuxhuma kabusha kubuyisela umhubhe; isivikelo sokuvala sinquma okwenzekayo lapho ungekho. Hlola ngokwehlukana ukunqamuka, ukunqanyulwa ngesandla, ukuphuma kuhlelo nokushintsha kwenethiwekhi.
Izici ezimbili zichazwa ngegama elilodwa futhi zenza umsebenzi ohlukile. Ukuxhuma kabusha okuzenzakalelayo kuzama ukubuyisela umhubhe, futhi kungaphumelela phakathi nesekhondi ngenkathi izicelo zihluleka kulelo gebe. Isivikelo sokuvala sinquma okwenzeka kuthrafikhi kulelo gebe. Ukufunda iklayenti njengokungathi kokubili kuyisethingi eyodwa yikho okwenza abantu bagcine bethemba isithonjana esikhundleni senqubomgomo.
Ukuvimbela nokuxhuma kabusha yizinqumo ezihlukene
Iklayenti elilodwa livimbela kuphela lapho ukunqamuka kungalindelekile, bese lixhuma kabusha futhi lisusa ukuvimbela. Elinye ligcina ukuvimbela ezingeni lesistimu kuze kube umuntu ushintsha isethingi ngesandla, futhi elesithathu lithatha ukunqanyulwa ngamabomu njengemvume yokubuyisela ukufinyelela okuvamile. Lezi yizimilo ezintathu ezihlukene, futhi imibhalo yomhlinzeki isho ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo yakho eyisebenzisayo.
Ukungenisa iphrofayela akunqumi lolo daba. Iphrofayela yeseva efanayo ilayishwa kumaklayenti amabili anokuziphatha okuvimbela okuphambene, ngoba iphrofayela ithwala izethingi hhayi isithembiso. Yingakho futhi ibhokisi lokukhetha kudeskithophu neswishi efonini enamalebula afanayo kungasebenzisa imithetho ehlukile. Funda incazelo eseceleni kwesilawuli endaweni yakho, bese uhlola ukuthi yenzani.
Iphrofayela efanayo iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kumaklayenti amabili
Izethingi zohlelo lwe-OpenVPN Connect zichaza imodi yomhubhe ebamba ithrafikhi evamile kuphela ngenkathi iklayenti libika isimo sokumiswa noma sokuxhuma kabusha, okuwumkhawulo kunokuthembisa okujwayelekile ngaso sonke isenzakalo kuzo zonke izindawo. Funda izimo ezibalulwe, hhayi igama lomkhiqizo. Incazelo ebhalelwe inguqulo yeklayenti eyodwa ayidluli kwiklayenti lomunye umhlinzeki.
I-Android ibonisa igama elifanayo kuzilawuli ezimbili, ngoba i-VPN ehlala ivuliwe nokuvimbela ukuxhumana ngaphandle kwe-VPN kubhalwe ngokwehlukana. Iklayenti ledeskithophu elinebhokisi lokukhetha elinegama elifanayo lingasebenzisa okuncane noma okubanzi kunakho kokubili. Thatha ilebula elabiwe kumamenyu amabili njengenzame kuze kufundwe zombili izincazelo. Amadivayisi aphethwe angeza isendlalelo sesithathu, ngoba iphrofayela yedivayisi ingaphoqa isethingi umsebenzisi angayiboni noma angakwazi ukuyikhansela.
Izethingi zendawo ezibukeka zifana azilingani
Qhathanisa isilawuli osibonayo nenqubomgomo esebenza ngempela. Kudivayisi eliphethwe iswishi ebonakalayo ingaba mpunga, noma ingaba ivuliwe ngenkathi iphrofayela yezinga eliphezulu iphoqa okuphambene. Cela inqubomgomo esebenzayo hhayi yendawo, futhi uthole impendulo ngokubhaliwe.
Bhala phansi okushiwo yisendlalelo ngasinye ngaphambi kokuhlola noma yini, ngoba kokubili akuvumelani kaningi futhi umehluko lowo ulahleka kalula lapho ukuhlola kuqala. Idivayisi evimbela ngendlela efanele phakathi nokuhlola ingase ivimbele ngesizathu esingabhalwanga muntu.
Gijimisa isenzakalo esisodwa ngesikhathi bese ubhala ikhodi
Hlola isenzakalo esisodwa ngokugijima ngakunye, ngesicelo esingenabungozi, futhi wenze wonke umzamo ube isicelo esisha hhayi ikhasi okungenzeka selivele liku-cache. Imiyalo engezansi yehlisa umhubhe, icela ikhasi futhi ibonisa ukuthi isixhumi esibonakalayo sabuya yini.
ip link set tun0 down
curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" --max-time 5 https://example.com
ip -brief address show tun0Ithebula lixhumanisa isenzo ngasinye nokuqaphela okubalulekile kanye nobufakazi okufanele bugcinwe. Isicelo esihluleka esikhathini esibekiwe sisho ukuthi ukuvimbela kwasebenza; isicelo esidlulayo sisho ukuthi ithrafikhi yathola enye indlela, okungenzeka kube umzila okhishiwe hhayi ukuvimbela okucishiwe. Phinda lonke isethi ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwesofthiwe okubalulekile noma ushintsho lwenqubomgomo yomzila, ngoba kokubili kungashintsha igatsha ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwesethingi ebonakalayo. Ekugcineni ufuna ukuziphatha kokwehluleka okulindelekile, hhayi isithonjana esiduduza.
| What I do | What I watch | Evidence to keep |
|---|---|---|
| Bring the tunnel down by hand | Whether a fresh request fails at once | The HTTP code and the client state at that second |
| Choose Disconnect in the client | Whether ordinary access returns on purpose | The same request succeeding with no tunnel up |
| Quit the app, then reboot | Whether the block outlives the client | A request made from a clean boot |
| Move from Wi-Fi to cellular | Whether DNS and IPv6 follow the policy | The resolver answer, the route table and the code again |
Okuhlukile, amaphothali ezivakashi nokungakwazi ukukwenziwa ukuvimbela
Ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yasendaweni kuwukuhlukile okuvamile, futhi kushintsha ubukhulu besithembiso. Iklayenti lingafinyelela iphrinta kusubnet efanayo ngenkathi livimbela konke okunye, lokho okunengqondo ekhaya futhi okungabazekayo kunethiwekhi yezivakashi. Nquma ukuthi uyafuna yini lokho kuhlukile ngaphambi kokuba isigameko sikutholele khona.
Ukuvimbela okuqinile kwenza futhi ukungena kuphothali yenethiwekhi yezivakashi kube nzima, ngoba iphothali iyithrafikhi eqondile ukuvimbela okukhona ukuyimisa. Funda indlela esekelwayo yokugunyaza inethiwekhi, bese ubuyisela inqubomgomo ngamabomu esikhundleni sokucisha izilawuli kuze kulayishe ikhasi. Gcina impendulo yesixazululi kanye nolwelwe lwemizila encwadini efanayo, njengangezansi. Okungakwazi ukukwenziwa isivikelo sokuvala ukwenza insizakalo ingaziwa, ngoba ukuvimbela ithrafikhi ngaphandle komhubhe akusho lutho ngalokho okwenzeka ngaphakathi kuwo.
resolvectl query example.com
ss -tunp | grep -v tun0