Ingabe i-VPN yakho inikela ngoxhumano lwakho? Izindlela ezimbili zokuhlola

Abantu ababili abaxhunywe kumhlinzeki oyedwa abasebenzisi ngempela uxhumano lwasekhaya lomunye nomunye, ngoba ekuhlelweni okuvamile zombili izinto zithumela ithrafikhi yazo endaweni yokugcina yomhlinzeki futhi zabelana kuphela ngekheli lokuphuma. Umkhiqizo owabelana ngezinsiza ungasebenza ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho umshini wakho unikela ngendlela yethrafikhi yomunye umuntu. Uhlangothi luwumbuzo wonke, futhi ungaphendulwa kusukela kuhlelo lokusebenza oluphambi kwakho. Okulandelayo ukuhleleka kokubuza, kanye nobufakazi okufanele bulondolozwe.

Izindlela ezimbili, futhi eyodwa kuphela edinga imvume

Ukusebenzisa umgudu wokuphuma okude kusho ukuthi ithrafikhi yakho iphuma ngomhlinzeki futhi indawo oya kuyo ibona ikheli lomhlinzeki. Ukunikela ngomgudu wokuphuma kusho ukuthi ithrafikhi yomunye iphuma ngoxhumano lwakho futhi indawo oya kuyo ibona eyakho. Zombili zibizwa nge-VPN, futhi zibeka imithwalo ehluke ngokuphelele kumuntu ophethe iklayenti. Umkhiqizo ungakwenza okokuqala ngaphandle kokutho kwesibili, futhi ungakwenza kokubili ngesikhathi esisodwa.

1. Umgudu wokuphuma okude: uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luthumela ithrafikhi yalo endaweni yokugcina yomhlinzeki, futhi indawo oya kuyo irekhoda ikheli lomhlinzeki.
2. Umgudu wokuphuma onikelwe: ithrafikhi yomunye umuntu idlula engxenyeni yokwabelana emshinini wakho, iphuma ngomugqa wakho, futhi indawo oya kuyo irekhoda ikheli lakho.

Okokuqala isinqumo sobumfihlo mayelana nethrafikhi yakho. Okwesibili isinqumo mayelana neyomunye, yingakho ikheli lokuphuma elabiwe liyinkinga yesithunzi, kuyilapho uxhumano olunikelwe luyinkinga yomthombo wethrafikhi. Lezi zinto ezimbili zikhathazayo zihlanganiswa njalo, futhi ukuzihlukanisa kuyingxenye enkulu yokuhlaziya.

Funda iswishi yokwabelana kuhlelo lokusebenza olufakile

Vula umkhiqizo ofakwe ngempela bese ufuna kuzilungiselelo zayo amagama afana nokwabelana, umnikelo, ontanga nontanga noma ukufinyelela komphakathi. Qaphela ukuthi iswishi ikhona yini, ukuthi iqala ivuliwe yini nokuthi ingeliphi ileveli le-akhawunti, bese uthwebula iphaneli ngokuthi umucu wenguqulo ubonakale, ngoba impendulo yosekelo izokubuza lokho. Phinda ukuhlola ngemuva kokubuyekezwa okulandelayo, ngoba izinto ezizenzakalelayo zishintsha phakathi kwezinguqulo. Iphaneli engenalo nhlobo ulimi lokwabelana iwukutholakala okuwusizo, nakuba ngokwayo kungesiqinisekiso.

Umhlinzeki ochaza ukwabelana kontanga nontanga komkhiqizo owodwa futhi akhiphe ezinye izinguqulo usanda kukutshela umehluko ogqitshwa igama lomkhiqizo. Imibuzo evamile yomhlinzeki yensiza enjalo ihlukanisa imikhiqizo enikelayo nezinguqulo ezingenabo ontanga, futhi umehluko onjalo ufanele ufundwe wena. Isimo sokukhokha naso akusona incazelo yobuchwepheshe, ngoba ukubhalisa okukhokhelwayo kungase kube nengxenye yokwabelana, kuyilapho izinga lamahhala yilona elingenayo.

Yini eqhubeka isebenza ngemva kokuvalwa kwewindi

Isengezo sesiphequluli nensiza efakwe ngokwehlukana kungase kwenza imisebenzi ehlukene ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa, ngakho vala iwindi bese uhlola ukuthi ingabe ikhona inqubo esalayo. Inqubo ephila isikhathi eside kunethebhu iwumehluko phakathi kwesici osivulile nengxenye esebenza ngaphandle kwaso. Kokubili kungase kube semthethweni, futhi kube kukodwa kuphela okubonakala kunethebhu.

Ibhlokhi engezansi ingeyase-Windows. Ifunda inqubo, bese ifunda amasokhethi aphethwe yileyo nqubo, futhi isihlonzi esisemugqeni wokuqala yisona okuhlunga ngaso ezinye ezimbili, ngakho shintsha sona esikhundleni sokuqalisa imiphumela emithathu engahlobene. Funda indlela yenqubo nokuxhumana okusunguliwe kanyekanye, ngoba ngakunye kukodwa kufakazela okuncane kakhulu.

Get-Process | Where-Object Path -like '*VPN*' | Select-Object Name, Id, Path
Get-NetTCPConnection -State Established | Where-Object OwningProcess -eq <pid> | Select-Object RemoteAddress, RemotePort
netstat -ano | Select-String 'ESTABLISHED' | Select-String '<pid>'

I-relay akusikho ukwabelana ngamafayela

Ukudlulisa ithrafikhi yomunye umuntu kuyimvume ehlukile kunokudalula amafayela noma izinsiza emshinini wakho. Imibhalo ngenye ayichazi enye, futhi ukuvuma umhubhe akusikho ukuvuma ukwabelana ngamafayela, ngisho noma ukufaka okukodwa kulungiselela kokubili. Hlukanisa imibuzo emibili lapho ufunda ikhasi lezilungiselelo.

Ukungabi khona kwembobo elalelayo akusona ubufakazi bokuthi akukho okwabiwayo, ngoba i-relay ingaqalisa ukuxhumana okuphumayo futhi ingalokothi yamukele okungena, futhi yileyo ndlela izinhlelo zontanga nontanga zigwema inkinga yodonga lomlilo. Bheka ukuthi ukuxhumana kuya kuphi hhayi kuphela ukuthi yini elalele. Ukuxhumana okukodwa okuya endaweni yokugcina yomhlinzeki kubonakala njengeklayenti, kuyilapho eziningana eziya kumakheli ongakwazi ukuzichaza zifanele ukubhekwa eduze. Uma imodeli ingakacaci ngemva kwezilungiselelo nemibhalo, buza umqhubi umbuzo oqondile; kudivayisi yomsebenzi noma kunethiwekhi ephethwe, umlawuli unquma, hhayi umuntu ophethe i-laptop.

Bhala phansi okubonile, bese uhlola futhi

Bhala inguqulo, izimo zezilungiselelo namasokhethi owabonile, kanye nezimpawu zesikhathi, ngoba lowo mbhalo yiwona oguqula ukungabaza kube umbuzo umuntu angawuphendula. Futhi yiwona ozowudinga uma isaziso sokuhlukumeza sifika ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, futhi inothi efasiteleni lengxoxo akulona umbhalo.

Ibhlokhi engezansi ingeyase-Linux noma macOS futhi iphendula imibuzo efanayo neyase-Windows. Yiqalise futhi ngemva kokubuyekezwa, ngoba ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye kuyashintsha phakathi kwezinguqulo futhi inqubo esizayo entsha kulula ukuyiphuthelwa. Uhlu lwamasokhethi lusho inqubo engumnikazi, futhi yikho okwenza amabhlokhi amabili aqhathaniseke phakathi kwezinguqulo.

ss -tunp | head -n 20
lsof -i -P -n | grep -i vpn
journalctl --since '1 hour ago' | grep -i -E 'vpn|relay' | tail -n 20

Uma ikheli lakho livela esikhalazweni, khumbula ukuthi ikheli le-IP ngokwalo alikhombisi umuntu. Gcina isaziso, izimpawu zesikhathi nezilungiselelo ozibhalile, bese ulandela inqubo yokubika yomhlinzeki noma yomlawuli. Lokho akusichithi isikhalazo, futhi kuhlukanisa ikheli lokuphuma elabiwe nethrafikhi eyaphuma ngempela oxhumanweni lwakho.