vim ima nge-SSH? Hlola i-stty ngaphambi kokuba usole i-VPN

Amaseshini afana nalawa ahlala exhumekile ngenkathi umhleli eqala, bese isikrini siyeka ukubuyekeza nakuba inqubo ye-SSH isasebenza ngokucacile. Ukuthayipha akukhiqizi lutho, i-Ctrl-C ibonakala ingenzi lutho, futhi isiphetho esicacile ukuthi i-VPN iwise okuthile. Isikhathi esiningi umhubhe ukhona futhi i-pseudo-terminal ekude isesimweni okungekho muntu owayekuhlosile, ngoba i-echo, ukufakwa okujwayelekile nokulawulwa kokugeleza kuhlala ku-terminal hhayi kunethiwekhi. Ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu kuthathu okwashintshayo kuwumsebenzi wemiyalo emibili.

Ukuma kuhlala ku-terminal, hhayi kumhubhe

I-pseudo-terminal ithwala okungaphezu kwamabhayithi. Igcina amafulegi omthetho womugqa anquma ukuthi okokufaka kuyaphindwa yini, ukuthi ukufunda kulinda umugqa omusha yini, ukuthi izinhlamvu ezithile zikhiqiza izimpawu yini, nokuthi okokuphuma kungamiswa yini ngohlamvu lokulawula. Umhleli osebenzisanayo ushintsha leyo terminal iye kumodi eluhlaza ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kufanele ibuyise izilungiselelo zangaphambili lapho iphuma. Lapho ukubuyiswa kungenzeki, i-shell oyibuyelayo akuyona i-shell oyishiyile, ngisho noma uxhumano lungazange lwephuke.

Qhathanisa ama-terminal ngaphambi kokuphetha noma yini. Iseshini yesibili eqhuba umhleli ofanayo ibonisa ukuthi iklayenti nomzila kungawenza umsebenzi; ayisho lutho nge-terminal enomafulegi aphukile.

Funda izilungiselelo ku-terminal eyamayo

Qala ngokuhlonza idivayisi, bese ufunda zombili izinhlobo zesimo sayo. Isimo esifundekayo sibonisa okusethiwe, futhi isimo somshini yiso ongasibuyisela kamuva.

tty
stty -a
stty -g

Amaqembu amathathu amafulegi achaza iningi lale mibiko. Izilungiselelo ze-echo zinquma ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwezinkinobho kubonakala noma cha, ngakho i-terminal enamafulegi e-echo evalekile ibonakala ifile ngenkathi i-shell ithola wonke uhlamvu. Imodi ejwayelekile inquma ukuthi uhlelo lubona okokufaka umugqa ngamunye yini, ngakho i-terminal eshiywe kumodi ejwayelekile yenza uhlelo olusemodini eluhlaza lubonakale sengathi lushaya indiva izinkinobho kuze kube u-Enter. Izilungiselelo zokulawula ukugeleza zinquma ukuthi i-terminal iyazihlonipha izinhlamvu ze-XON ne-XOFF yini, futhi lelo qembu likhiqiza ukuma mbumbulu okukholisayo kakhulu kwezithathu.

Rekhoda okokuphuma ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini, ikakhulukazi lapho iseshini ithwele izibopho zezinkinobho eziqondisiwe ezincike kuzo othile. Isimo somshini siyirekhodi elivikelekile kakhulu, ngombandela wokuthi sincike ekusetshenzisweni futhi kufanele sibuyiswe uhlobo olufanayo lohlelo olwasikhiqizayo.

Lungisa leyo terminal eyodwa, hhayi iseshini oyithayiphayo

Ukulungiswa okuvamile kubuyisela iphrofayili enempilo ebhalwe yikhasi lencwadi yokufunda, futhi kuthinta i-terminal eyodwa kuphela. Uma umhleli usaphethe umsebenzi ongalondoloziwe kuleyo terminal, yishiye ize umsebenzi ulondolozwe.

Kusuka kwenye i-shell, qondisa ngokucacile idivayisi eyamayo ukuze i-terminal osebenza kuyo ihlale ingathintwanga.

stty -F /dev/pts/7 -a
stty -F /dev/pts/7 sane

Isikrini esingenalutho esinokuboniswa okhohlakele kuyinkinga ehlukile emthethweni womugqa ophukile, futhi uhlelo lwe-reset lubhekana nayo ngokukhipha ukulandelana kokuqala kwe-terminal. Zama ukulungiswa kwesimo kuqala, ngoba kushintsha izilungiselelo ongazihlola, kanti ukulandelana kwe-reset kubhala kabusha isikrini futhi akuchazi lutho ngokuthi kwephuka kanjani.

Ugibe lwe-Ctrl-S ngemuva kokuma okukholisayo

Lapho ukulawulwa kokugeleza kwesofthiwe kuvuliwe futhi izinhlamvu ezijwayelekile zabelwe, i-Ctrl-S itshela i-terminal ukuthi iyeke ukuthumela okokuphuma futhi i-Ctrl-Q itshela ukuthi iqhubeke. Iseshini ihlala iphila isikhathi sonke, i-Ctrl-Q eyodwa ivamise ukuba ukulungiswa konke, futhi akukho okubonakalayo kunoma yiliphi ilogi, futhi yileyo ndlela lokhu kuma kusinda ekunyukeni okungaka.

Hlola izilungiselelo zangempela esikhundleni sokucabanga. Izinhlamvu zokuqala nokumisa zingabelwa kabusha noma zenziwe zingasebenzi, futhi i-terminal evale ukulawulwa kokugeleza ngeke isabele kokukodwa kwazo.

Uma isimo sibuya, noma i-SSH uqobo ima

Isimo esibi esiphindayo sikhomba kokuthile okushintsha amafulegi ngaphandle kokuwabuyisela: ifayela lokuqala, iskripthi sokumboza, i-multiplexer ebuyisela iwindi elingalungile, noma uhlelo olufa luphethe imodi eluhlaza. Engeza ukuhlola okunombandela okubika isimo esikhundleni sokubuyisela okungenambandela, ngoba ukubuyisela konke kufihla imbangela futhi kungase kudlule izilungiselelo ezenziwe ngamabomu.

Lapho ithrafikhi evamile ye-SSH nayo ima, noma ukulungiswa kungashintshi lutho, i-terminal iyeka ukuba umsolwa.

ssh -vvv [email protected]
ping -M do -s 1400 -c 3 host.example.com

Ukuma okuvela kuphela ngesikhathi sokudluliswa okukhulu kusikisela inkinga ye-MTU emzileni, kanti okugwinya ngisho ukucindezelwa okukodwa kubhekisa emzileni noma kuseva hhayi kubukhulu bephekethe. Gcina ubufakazi be-terminal buhlukile kobufakazi benethiwekhi, ngoba umhleli osebenza kuseshini yesibili akubona ubufakazi bokuthi i-terminal yokuqala yayikade inempilo.