Ama-VPN amabili e-Windows ngesikhathi esisodwa: iyiphi iphrofayili egcina umzila ozenzakalelayo?

Xhuma umhubhe wesibili bese owokuqala uthula, kuyilapho womabili amaklayenti asabika ukuxhumana okunempilo. I-Windows inomzila ozenzakalelayo owodwa kuphela engawunikeza, futhi iphrofayili ngayinye ewufunayo iwuthatha kwelinye. Isibonakaliso sibukeka njengokuphazamiseka kwe-VPN, kodwa empeleni umncintiswano womzila phakathi kwamaphrofayili amabili. Nquma ukuthi imuphi umhubhe okufanele ube ngumnikazi walowo mzila, futhi ukucushwa okusele kuyalandela.

Irekodi eyodwa kuphela engaba okuzenzakalelayo okungcono kakhulu

Ithebula lomzila we-IPv4 ligcina umzila owodwa owinile wokufika okungenakho ukufana okuqondile kakhulu. Iphrofayili ye-VPN efaka eyayo ishintsha eyandulelayo ngokushesha lapho ixhuma, futhi ithrafikhi eyayingenela umhubhe wokuqala manje iphuma ngowesibili. Umhubhe wokuqala uhlala uvuliwe; okulahlekayo yinoma yiliphi iphakethe ebelizowusebenzisa eziyindeni ezijwayelekile.

Izithonjana zesimo sekleyenti azikwazi ukukhombisa lokho. Zibika ukuthi umhubhe wasungulwa, hhayi ukuthi iziqalo ziphi ezisagaywa ziye khona, ngakho umsebenzisi ubona izithonjana ezimbili eziluhlaza kanye nokuphela kwesikhathi kuhlelo oluthile. Ukufunda route print -4 ngesikhathi sokwehluleka kunolwazi olungaphezulu kwanoma yiliphi ilogi ye-VPN.

Ukuxazululwa kwamagama kungukungqubuzana kwesibili, okuzimele, futhi ukulungisa ithebula lomzila kuphela ngeke kukuxazulule.

Yini ibhokisi lokukhetha eliyifakayo, futhi yini eliyisusayo

Le nketho isezimfanelweni ze-adaptha yephrofayili ngayinye ye-VPN ngaphansi kwezilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe ze-IPv4, ibhalwe njengokusebenzisa isango elizenzakalelayo kunethiwekhi ekude. Uma ivuliwe, ukuxhumana ngakunye kunezela umzila ozenzakalelayo ngomhubhe futhi kubeka leyo interface emgqeni wethrafikhi evamile. Uma ivaliwe, i-Windows igcina umzila wesubnet yomhubhe uqobo futhi ishiya ithebula elisele lingaphazanyiswa.

Yilapho kususwa ibhokisi lapho iningi labantu likhahleka khona. Isayithi elikude ngokuvamile lineziqalo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, futhi asikho kulezo ziqalo esingaphakathi kwesubnet ye-adaptha, ngakho amaseva amafayela namakheli okuphatha ayeka ukuphendula. Ibhokisi alizange lichithe umhubhe; lisuse umzila obanzi owawumboze konke.

Ukucushwa okuxubile kusemthethweni futhi kuvamile: iphrofayili yenkampani igcina ibhokisi njengomhubhe ogcwele, kuyilapho iphrofayili yaselabhorethri ihlukanisiwe ukuze ingakwazi ukususa okuzenzakalelayo kwenkampani.

Khetha ngokwalokho okufanele umhubhe ngamunye ukuthwale

Imibuzo emithathu inquma ukuhleleka. Ingabe lo mhubhe kufanele uthwale ithrafikhi ejwayelekile ye-inthanethi, noma amakheli angaphakathi kwesayithi yawo kuphela? Ingabe amasayithi amabili asebenzisa izigaba eziyimfihlo ezingahlangani? Futhi uma iphrofayili ilawulwa umqashi, ingabe uvunyelwe nhlobo ukushintsha indlela yayo yokugaya umzila?

Uma umhubhe owodwa kufanele ugcwele, yiwo ongumnikazi wokuzenzakalela futhi omunye kufanele uhlukaniswe. Uma kungekho noyedwa odinga ithrafikhi evamile ye-inthanethi, susa ibhokisi kukho kokubili futhi uvumele i-adaptha yomzimba igcine okuzenzakalelayo. Uma izigaba zihlangana, yima: i-172.22.0.0/16 ayikwazi ukusho umshini owodwa ohlangothini lwenkampani nomunye ohlangothini lwelabhorethri, futhi akukho bhokisi elikuxazululayo lokho.

Bhala isinqumo eceleni kwamagama ephrofayili. Uma kungenjalo i-VPN yesithathu ezokenezwa ngekota elandelayo izophinda uphenyo kusukela ekuqaleni.

Engeza iziqalo ezingekho bese uhlola umphumela

Kumhubhe ngamunye ohlukanisiwe, engeza izigaba ezikude ngokusobala, usebenzisa ikheli lozakwabo elikhonjiswe kulelo adaptha esikhundleni sekheli lomphakathi leseva:

> route add 172.22.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 172.20.4.1
> route print -4
> Get-NetRoute -DestinationPrefix 0.0.0.0/0 | Sort-Object RouteMetric

I-adaptha ye-PPP isebenzisa ikheli layo lozakwabo njengesinyathelo esilandelayo, kuyilapho i-adaptha ye-TAP ngokuvamile isebenzisa isango elikhonjiswe kuleyo interface, ngakho funda imininingwane ye-adaptha esikhundleni sokukopisha inombolo encwadini yokuhola. Engeza ifulegi elihlala njalo kuphela ngemva kokuba umzila ubonakale ulungile, futhi susa amarekodi amadala ahlala njalo ngaphambi kokwengeza okunye okuzongena esikhundleni. Amaklayenti aphethwe angase afake futhi avikele imizila yawo, futhi lapho umnikazi wephrofayili kufanele enze ushintsho.

I-DNS idinga umjikelezo ohlukile. Yomibili imihubhe ingase icindezele izixazululi, futhi i-Windows igcina uhlu nge-interface ngayinye ngokulandelana kokuncanyelwayo, ngakho igama elingelolunye unethiwekhi lingathunyelwa esixazululini senethiwekhi yokuqala. Bheka ukuthi i-adaptha ngayinye yathola ini ngempela ngaphambi kokukhetha isisombululo:

> Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4
> Resolve-DnsName files.corp.internal -Server 172.20.4.1

Inqubomgomo yokuxazulula amagama ngesizinda ngasinye ngokuvamile ingcono kunokushintsha uhlu lwezixazululi lomhlaba wonke, ngoba lolo hlu lwabelwana ngayo yonke inhlelo kumshini futhi ukulushintsha buthule kuhambisa ukusesha okungahlobene.

Yamukela ukucushwa ngokuhlola okune: insiza eyodwa kunethiwekhi ngayinye ekude efinyeleleka ngekheli, ukusesha kwegama kuyo yonke, okuzenzakalelayo kwe-inthanethi kusakhomba ku-adaptha yomzimba, nesikhathi sedeskithophu ekude esihlala lapho ukuxhumana kwesibili kuvela.