Isimo esinegama se-SQL Server nge-VPN: ukuthola, hhayi imbobo 1433

Isimo esinegama sibuza i-SQL Browser ngembobo ngaphambi kokuxhuma. Uma igama lihluleka nge-VPN kodwa i-tcp:host,port isebenza, ukuthola yikhona okushodayo.

Iningi labantu lithatha igama lomsingathi we-SQL Server njengekheli eliphelele, futhi i-VPN njengento evunyelwe noma engavunyelwe. Ngokwenzayo, isimo esinegama senza iklayenti lenze ukusesha kwesibili ngemva kwe-DNS, futhi lokho kusesha yikho okugqekeza umhubhe kaningi. Iphoyinti yokugcina ecacile iyayeqa, yingakho tcp:host,port ingasebenza kuyilapho host\INSTANCE siphelelwa isikhathi. Umehluko uphakathi kokuthola insizakalo nokuthola imvume yokuyisebenzisa.

Inganekwane: igama lomsingathi elilodwa lisho imbobo eyodwa

Igama lomsingathi lixazululwa libe ikheli, futhi umsebenzi walo uphela lapho. Isimo esinegama sengeza igama lesimo okufanele iseva ilihumushe libe imbobo ye-TCP, futhi iklayenti ayikwazi ukuqagela. Imbobo 1433 iyimvamisa yesimo semvamisa, hhayi isici sayo sonke isimo emshinini. Ukuthatha kokubili njengento eyodwa kuveza uphawu olujwayelekile: i-ping iyasebenza, i-DNS iyasebenza, ukuskena kwe-1433 akukho okukubonisayo, futhi isiphetho ukuthi inethiwekhi ivimbela i-SQL.

Umbono wesibili wehluleka ngendlela efanayo: ukuthi ukuvula i-TCP 1433 kwanele. Uma isimo silalela kwenye indawo, i-1433 evuliwe ikhombisa kuphela ukuthi kukhona enye into lapho. Imbobo kufanele ihambisane nesilaleli, futhi ukuthi isilaleli iyimininingwane yokuhlela ohlangothini lweseva lokho kufanele kubuzwe esikhundleni sokuqagelwa.

Iklayenti lenza ini ngempela ngesimo esinegama

Ngemva kokuxazulula umsingathi, iklayenti lithumela isicelo sokuthola ku-SQL Browser nge-UDP 1434 futhi sibuza ukuthi isimo esinegama sisebenzisa iyiphi imbobo. Insizakalo yesiphequluli iphendula isuka kwirejista yeseva uqobo, bese iklayenti livula uxhumano lwe-TCP kuleyo mbobo. Iziphathimandla ezimbili nezimbobo ezimbili ziyabandakanyeka ngaphambi kokuthi kuzanywe ukungena.

nslookup sqlhost.corp.example
nc -vzu sqlhost.corp.example 1434
Get-Service -Name SQLBrowser

Yingakho ukuvimba i-UDP kuphela kukhiqiza isikhathi esiphelelayo esibonakala njengomsingathi ofile. Uma insizakalo yesiphequluli imisiwe noma ikhutshaziwe, isicelo sokuthola sihlala singenampendulo nakuba injini yedatha isebenza futhi imbobo yayo ye-TCP ivuliwe. Uma isimo silungiselelwe ngembobo eqinile, iklayenti lisabuza ngaphandle uma linikezwe iphoyinti yokugcina ngokuqondile. Ukwehluleka ngakunye kwalokhu kubonakala kufana kumlayezo wephutha wohlelo, futhi kudinga izilungiso ezihlukene.

Insizakalo yesiphequluli iwukukhululeka kokuthola, hhayi idatha. Ukuyimisa akukuyimisi injini, futhi ukuyiqalisa akuvuli imbobo ye-TCP yesimo.

Kungani iphoyinti yokugcina ecacile isebenza uma igama lingasebenzi

Iphoyinti yokugcina ecacile isusa ukusesha ohlwini: iklayenti lixhuma ngqo ekhelini nembobo oyishilo. Lokhu kuqala kuwukuxilonga, hhayi ukulungiswa okuhlala njalo okuzenzakalelayo, ngoba imbobo ingashintsha uma isimo silungiselelwa kabusha sibe yinto eguqukayo kamuva. Qhathanisa izinhlobo zombili ngeklayenti elifanayo nange-akhawunti efanayo ngaphambi kokuphetha.

sqlcmd -S "tcp:sqlhost.corp.example,51433" -U app_login -Q "SELECT @@SERVERNAME"
Test-NetConnection sqlhost.corp.example -Port 51433

Uma uhlobo olucacile luphumelela futhi uhlobo olunegama lwehluleka, ukuthola yikhona okushodayo, futhi ungakhetha ukuthi ukuvala kanjani: vumela i-UDP 1434 ngomhubhe, noma cela umlawuli ukuthi agxilise imbobo eqinile futhi abhale iphoyinti yokugcina. Kokubili izinqumo zamabomu ezinezindleko zokunakekela ezihlukene. Ukuvula zonke izimbobo kububanzi akukho kokubili, futhi yikho okuhlongozwayo ngokuvamile ekupheleni kosuku olude. Bhala ukukhetha lapho imichilo yokuxhuma ihlala khona.

Uma lungekho uhlobo olusebenzayo, inkinga ingaphezulu kokuthola. Hlola isilaleli, umzila kanye nomthetho wokufinyelela wembobo isimo esiyisebenzisa ngempela ngaphambi kokusola insizakalo yesiphequluli.

Ngemva kokuthola: ukuqinisekisa nokuthi ungubani kuhlukene

Ukwehluleka kokungena kuyisigameko esihlukile kwisikhathi esiphelelayo, futhi ubunjalo be-VPN abubukeki bube ukungena kwe-SQL ngenxa yomhubhe. Uma iklayenti lifinyelela imbobo efanele, injini yedatha isebenzisa ukuqinisekisa kwayo kanye nezimvume zayo. Ukuhlanganisa izigaba ezimbili kuthikithi elilodwa yiyo indlela inkinga yokuthola eyabelwa iqembu elingalungile. Funda inombolo yephutha ngaphambi kokushintsha noma yini.

Gcina igama lomsingathi elibhaliwe uma umshayeli eqinisekisa isitifiketi seseva, ngoba ukuxhuma ngekheli lezinombolo kungashintsha lokho kuhlola esikhundleni sokuxazulula inkinga yasekuqaleni. Umshayeli we-Microsoft wesikhathi samanje ubhala ngokuvamile, ngakho ukungafani kwegama kuvela njengephutha lesitifiketi ngemva kokuxhumana kwe-TCP okuphumelelayo. Lokho kuyintuthuko, hhayi ukwehluleka okusha.

Inganekwane okufanele iyekwe ukuthi igama lomsingathi we-SQL Server liyikheli eliphelele. Kuyiwele kumsingathi kanye, kwisimo esinegama, nokusesha umhubhe ongase ungakuthwali. Shayelela imbobo, shayelela indlela yokuthola, futhi ukwehluleka okulandelayo kuzokutshela ukuthi iyiphi ingqimba okufanele ilungiswe.

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