Ukushicilela umfudlana wekhamera: i-RTSP ne-HLS akulona ukhawulokudonsa olulodwa

Uvula imbobo eyodwa yekhamera, uqondise isidlali kuyo futhi ucatshe ukuthi inkinga ye-inthanethi isixazululiwe. Bese kuthi ifoni ingakwazi ukuyidlala, isiphequluli singakwazi ukuyidlala, futhi ikhasi lokuphatha lekhamera lisebangeni elilodwa kuphela elibhalwe ngokungalungile ukusuka emkhawulokudonsa womphakathi. Imodeli yokulethwa oyikhethile, RTSP noma HLS, inquma ingxenye enkulu yalokho ngaphambi kokuthi kubhalwe ngisho umthetho owodwa we-firewall. I-VPN ihlinzeka kuphela ingxenye eyimfihlo.

I-VPN ilungisa indlela yomthombo, hhayi indlela yombukeli

I-VPS exhunywe kunethiwekhi yasekhaya yekhamera ngomhubhe ingafinyelela ikhamera ekhelini layo eliyimfihlo, futhi lokho kuyasiza ngempela. Kusho ukuthi ikhamera ayidingi imbobo yayo yokungena futhi irutha yasekhaya ihlala ivaliwe. Lokho akukutsheli ukuthi umbukeli uzokhuluma luphi ulimi. Isidlali sedeskithophu, isiphequluli, ifoni kanye ne-TV ehlakaniphile kusekela izinkambiso ezihlukene, futhi ngayinye inokulindela kwayo mayelana ne-TLS, ukuqinisekisa kanye nama-codec.

Nawu umcabango okufanele uwulahlile: ukushicilela kusho ukwenza umthombo ufinyeleleke. Ukushicilela empeleni kusho ukunikeza izethameli ezichaziwe indlela esekelwayo yokusebenzisa imidiya. Umfudlana oshicilelwe unefomethi, izethameli kanye nemininingwane yokuqinisekisa; ikhamera efinyelelekayo ayinakho neyodwa yalokho. Ukufinyeleleka yingxenye exazululwa umhubhe, futhi indawo yokungena yombukeli iyingxenye okusadingeka uyiklame.

I-RTSP iyingxoxo, hhayi imbobo eyodwa

I-RTSP ithwala ukulawula kwesesheni: iklayenti licela incazelo, lihlela umkhondo wemidiya oyedwa noma ngaphezulu bese lidlala. Ukuthuthwa kwemidiya uqobo kuxoxwa ngesikhathi salokho kuhlela, yingakho umthetho awuchazwa kahle ngembobo eyodwa ye-TCP edlulisiwe. Leyo ngxoxo iyingxenye abantu abayiphuthayo lapho beqhathanisa imithetho ye-firewall.

Kuye ngeziphetho, i-RTP ingafika ezimbobeni ezihlukene ze-UDP noma ihlanganiswe kuxhumano lokulawula. Isiphindisi esidlulisa kuphela u-554 futhi sicatsha ukuthi okunye kuzosebenza sivame ukukhiqiza isesheni exhumayo, ebika umkhondo bese ingabonisi lutho. Hlola ukuthuthwa ikhamera yakho exoxa ngakho ngempela ngaphambi kokubhala imithetho yako. Ukuthwebula ohlangothini oluyimfihlo kuphendula lokho ngomzuzu owodwa, futhi ukuqagela kubiza ubusuku obubodwa.

Ezethamelini ezincane nezaziwayo ezinabadlali abahambisanayo, isiphindisi se-RTSP esilungiselelwe ngamabomu singaba yimpendulo efanele. Khawulela ukuthi singadonsa kuwuphi umthombo futhi ufune ukuqinisekisa kusiphindisi. Bhala phansi abadlali obahlolile, ngoba umfudlana we-RTSP osebenza ku-VLC usengasehluleke kusiphequluli.

I-HLS iwuhlu lokudlala kanye nezinsiza

Umbukeli we-HLS uthola uhlu lokudlala, bese ethola izingxenye zemidiya ezishiwo yilolo hlu. Incazelo ye-HLS ichaza leyo modeli yezinsiza, futhi imininingwane ebalulekile yokusebenza iwukuthi uhlu lokudlala lubhekisela kwamanye ama-URL. Izikhombo ezihlobene zixazululwa ngokuya ngendawo yohlu, ngakho iphroksi ebhala kabusha izindlela kufanele izibhale kabusha ngokungaguquki.

Uma ikhamera isivele ihlinzeka nge-HLS esebenzisekayo, i-frontend yomphakathi ingadlulisa lezo zicelo zohlu nezezingxenye ngomhubhe. Qaphela okhiye, ukudluliselwa kabusha kanye nama-URL akhiqizwa uhlelo. Noma iyiphi i-URL ephelele ekhomba kusingathi esiyimfihlo iyaphuka ngaso leso sikhathi lapho umbukeli ongaphandle kwe-LAN uyilanda. Izindlela ezihlobene yizo eziphila ekubhalweni kabusha kwephroksi, ngakho zikhethe njalo lapho ulawula khona okukhiphayo okukhiqiziwe.

Uma ikhamera ikhuluma i-RTSP kuphela, kufanele kube khona okuguqula umthombo ufike efomethini yombukeli. Ukupakisha kabusha nokuhumusha ikhodi kuyimisebenzi ehlukene: ukupakisha kabusha kugcina i-codec, kuyilapho ukuhumusha ikhodi kuyikhoda kabusha ukuze ihambisane, futhi eyesibili kuphela edla i-CPU enkulu. Akukho kuzo okuba yisidingo ngenxa nje yokuthi kukhona i-VPN endleleni.

Hlela isixhumanisi sokuthumela ngokuya ngokuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwenzeka kuphi. Ukungenisa okukodwa okuyimfihlo okondla isevisi yemidiya yomphakathi kuziphatha ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kunombukeli ngamunye odonsa umfudlana wakhe ngomhubhe. Iphethini yesibili ivamise ukugcina ngoxhumano lwasekhaya olugcwele kanye nekhamera ebonakala yehluleka ngokungahleliwe.

Beka ukuqinisekisa emkhawulokudonsa owushicilelayo

I-TLS, ukuqinisekisa kwababukeli kanye nokuloga kokufinyelela kungokwendawo yokungena yomphakathi, hhayi okwekhamera. Lokhu kugcina imininingwane yokuqinisekisa yekhamera ihlukile kweyomfudlana. Kukupha futhi indawo eyodwa yokuhoxisa ukufinyelela lapho ilunga lezethameli lihamba. Ukubeka lezo zilawuli kukhamera esikhundleni salokho kusho ukuthi zonke izinguquko zezethameli ziba izinguquko zokuphatha kudivayisi okufanele ingalokothi ifinyeleleke emphakathini.

Gcina i-VPN kanye nezimvume zokuphatha zekhamera zihlukile endleleni yokushicilela. I-VPS engafinyelela isixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu sekhamera ukuze idonse umfudlana akufanele futhi ibe umshini oveza leso sixhumi. Izethameli akufanele zazi ikheli lekhamera nakancane.

Bese uqinisekisa iziphetho ezimbili owakha ngempela esikhundleni sokucatsha ukuthi uchungechunge luyasebenza:

$ ffprobe -v error -rtsp_transport tcp rtsp://10.50.0.9:554/stream1
$ curl -sI https://stream.example.net/live/index.m3u8
HTTP/2 200
content-type: application/vnd.apple.mpegurl

Ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo komthombo oyimfihlo kanye nokutholwa okuphumelelayo kohlu lokudlala emkhawulokudonsa womphakathi kufakazela izingxenye ezahlukene zomklamo. Zihlole ngokwehlukana. Ukudlala kusuka kuhlanga olufanayo lweklayenti olusetshenziswa izethameli zakho ukuphela kokuhlolwa okuhlanganisa wonke uchungechunge.

Okugcina unakho uchungechunge olunenjongo kusixhumanisi ngasinye: umthombo oyimfihlo, ukungenisa okulinganiselwe, ukupakisha okukhethiwe, ukungena kombukeli okugunyaziwe. Asikho isixhumanisi kulezo esingesona isidingo, futhi asikho esidalwa ngokuvula imbobo.