Amasubneti asekhaya nawasehhovisi ayashayisana nge-VPN: izixazululo ezintathu

Iklayenti lakho libika ukuthi lixhunyiwe futhi ithuneli iyasebenza, kodwa iseva yamafayela yehhovisi iphendula isuka endaweni ethile ekhishini. Izinhlangothi zombili ngokuvamile zisebenzisa 192.168.1.0/24 ngoba yilokho amarutha asekhaya eza nakho, futhi awukho umzila oxazulula ukungacaci okukhona kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukwehluleka kungabonakala njengethuneli eliphukile noma iseva ephukile, futhi akukho kokubili. Thola ukuthi yikuphi ukushayisana onakho ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yikuphi ukulungiselela, ngoba izinhlobo zinezixazululo ezahlukene futhi kungenye kuphela ephathelene nokuhamba komzila.

Umzila oxhunyiwe unqoba noma yini oyiphushayo

Umhambi ubiza ikheli njengeleduzane noma nini lapho umzila oxhunyiwe ulifaka. Kumakhompyutha aphathekayo ocingo lwawo 192.168.1.20/24, ikheli 192.168.1.50 lingumakhelwane, ngakho iphakethe liphuma ngocingo lwasekhaya futhi alifiki noma nini ethunelini.

Ukushiya umzila wesiqalo sehhovisi akushintshi lutho, ngoba leso siqalo sivele sikhona njengenethiwekhi exhunywe ngqo. Uhlelo lokusebenza luqhubeka luphendula kusuka kokufakiwe okuxhunyiwe, futhi lokho kubhekwa ngaphambi kokuba ithuneli libuzwe noma yini. Ungabona ukulandelana ngokwakho: ip route get 192.168.1.50 lisho ucingo lwasekhaya, hhayi ithuneli. Uhlangothi olukude lukhombisa inkinga, ngoba irutha yehhovisi nalo likholelwa ukuthi ibanga lasekhaya lekhompyutha liphathekayo lingelalo.

Ukushayisana okuthule ngale kokusobala

Akuzona zonke izimo isinqumo somzila. Isivumelwano se-DHCP sasekhaya singawela ngqo ekhelini iseva yehhovisi eliphethe lona, bese iklayenti likhuluma nalo ngokwalo ngenkathi ithuneli lingathwali lutho.

Amagama nawo ashayisana ngendlela efanayo. Imishini emibili eyabelana ngegama lekhompyutha elilodwa yephula amathuluzi asekelwe egameni ngisho lapho iphakethe ngalinye lihamba kahle, futhi ukufakiwe kwe-hosts okukhomba ekhelini lehhovisi kuyahluleka lapho umshini wendabuko usunalo lelo gama, ngoba ukuxazululwa kwendabuko kuyanqoba. Qamba kabusha umshini wendabuko noma sebenzisa igama eliphelele elifanele esikhundleni sokuhlela i-hosts.

Ama-hypervisor anezela icala lesithathu. I-adaptha yomhambi-kuphela ivamise ukuhlala ku-192.168.56.0/24, okungashayisana nebanga lebhizinisi okungekho muntu okhumbulayo ukuthi lisetshenziswa.

Phinda inombola uhlangothi oluphethe wena

Ukuphinda inombola kususa ukungacaci esikhundleni sokukugwema, futhi ehhovisi lasekhaya yilolo hlangothi oluphethe wena. Khetha into engeke ivele kwenye indawo, futhi bhala zonke izinto ezinokhelo elimile ngaphambi kokuthinta irutha.

10.0.0.0/8 no-172.16.0.0/12 amakhandidethi ajwayelekile. Izilungiselelo zasefekthri ze-firmware, 192.168.0.0/24 no-192.168.1.0/24, yizo ngqo okufanele zishiywe.

Ukuphinda inombola ihhovisi akuvamisile ukwenziwa, futhi ukuphinda inombola ikhaya kubiza ubusuku bokuxhuma kabusha amaphrinta namapulaki. Noma kunjalo kushibhe kakhulu kunendlela yokubalekela ephindwa kuwo wonke amakhompyutha ehhovisi.

Shicilela ibanga elingakwazi ukushayisana

Lapho ibanga lehhovisi kufanele lihlale khona, yenza uhlangothi lwethuneli lube nzima ukushayisana. Ukusika ichibi lamaklayenti njengesiqalo esincane esikhundleni sokuboleka i-/24 yonke kunikeza umzila othile, hhayi obanzi.

Uma isango likwazi ukuhumusha, shicilela isubneti yehhovisi ngaphansi kwebanga legama elihlukile, ukuze indawo evela kuyo iklayenti ingeke iwele ngaphakathi kwe-LAN yayo. Idizayini yendawo-kuya-endaweni inganikeza indawo ngayinye igama layo elihlukile, okugcina amakhasimende amabili anezinombolo ezifanayo ehlukaniseka.

Ukuhumusha akumahhala. Kufanele kusebenze kuzo zombili izinhlangothi futhi kuhlanganise ikheli lomthombo nendawo okuyiwa kuyo, futhi izinhlelo ezibhala amakheli kumthwalo wazo zizokushaya indiva ngokuphelele. Yingakho kuyisixazululo lapho ukuphinda inombola kungenakwenzeka futhi inani lamaklayenti lincane.

Khetha ngokwalokho ongakushintsha

Ikhompyutha eyodwa noma ezimbili ekhaya: phinda inombola i-LAN yasekhaya. Ihhovisi eliphethwe ngabaphathi elingakwazi ukuphinda inombola: ukuhumusha kwegama elihlukile esangweni. Izinombolo eziphindwayo ezindaweni zamakhasimende: amagama ahlukile endaweni ngayinye, ahlelwe kanye. Lapho kuhluleka kuphela amathuluzi asekelwe egameni, kubheke njengokushayishana kwegama hhayi njengephutha lomzila.

Noma yini oyikhethayo, yihlole ngokumelene nekheli elikhona ohlangothini olukude kuphela. Ukupinga irutha yakho siqu akusho lutho mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inethiwekhi ephendulile.