Ikheli le-MAC elishintshile ku-Pi: iyiphi i-interface eshintshile?

Ngemva kokufika kokusethwa kwe-VPN ku-Pi, ubunikazi obuningi be-interface bungabonakala sengathi bushintshile indawo. Ikheli le-Ethernet layizolo alisahambisani nohlu lwanamuhla, futhi isiphetho sizibhala sodwa: i-VPN ishintshe i-MAC. Ngokuvamile ayenzanga njalo. Ukuqhathanisa uxhumo lwangempela lomzimba nebhuloho noma i-adaptha ehlukumezayo akulona ukuqhathanisa, futhi umsebenzi wokuqala ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi into oyibukayo ngempela.

Qamba i-interface kanye nomqaphi

Bhala igama ledivayisi, uhlobo lwe-interface, ikheli lesendlalelo sokuxhumana samanje kanye nomlawuli ongumnikazi wayo. Faka isigxivizo sesikhathi, ngoba ukubonisa okushintshile ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kuyisigameko esihlukile kunalokho okushintshile ngesikhathi umhubhe ukhuphuka.

Yenza lokhu nge-interface efanayo ngaphambi nangemva kwesigameko sokuxhumana. Ukubona izinto ezimbili entweni eyodwa kubufakazi; ukubona into eyodwa ezintweni ezimbili kuyisimanga esinendaba enamathiselwe. Lowo mehluko wuphenyo lonke. Uma into ingalungile, ukulinganisa ngakunye okulandela kuyaphambana.

Uma ukubekelwa kwe-DHCP kuyingxenye yenkinga, qaphela ukuthi yibuphi ubunikazi bomsebenzisi abutholile umabi. Uhlu lwedeskithophu, ubunikazi bebhuloho kanye nokufakwa kokuqashwa kwakudala kungamarekhodi amathathu ahlukene, futhi eyodwa kuphela yiyo eyabonwa i-router.

I-TUN, i-TAP kanye noxhumo yizinto ezahlukene

I-kernel idweba umugqa oqinile phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili eziyizinto ezingabonakali. I-TUN ithwala amaphakethe e-IP futhi ayinawo nhlobo ubunikazi be-Ethernet. I-TAP ithwala amafreyimu e-Ethernet ngakho-ke inabo.

Lokho kusho ukuthi ikheli ohlangothini lwe-TAP akulona ikheli loxhumo lwangempela, futhi ikheli le-TUN elihambisiwe akulona into esikhundleni se-MAC ye-Wi-Fi. Ziyizendlalelo ezahlukene zomshini owodwa.

Ibhuloho liyinto yesithathu. Linekheli lalo lesendlalelo sokuxhumana, elithathwe noma elilungisiwe ngokuzimela emachwebeni anamathiselwe kulo, ngakho ibhuloho elikhuphukayo lingashintsha lokho okuboniswa uhlu ngaphandle kokuthinta noma yisiphi isisetshenziswa. Amachweba agcina amakheli awo ngaphansi kwalo. Ikheli lalo lingabekwa ngokucacile futhi, futhi lapho akukho lutho kulo oluthathwe kusisetshenziswa.

Ubani ongumnikazi wangempela woshintsho lwangempela

Uma i-interface efanayo yomzimba ishintsha ikheli ngempela, bheka iphrofayela yokuxhumana esebenzayo ngaphambi kokunikeza isizathu. Izilungiselelo zobumfihlo, izilungiselelo zokulingisa kanye nedivayisi ehlukumezayo eyakhiwe kabusha konke kukhiqiza lolo phawu ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwe-VPN.

Ukusondelana ngesikhathi akusona isizathu. Ukuqala komhubhe nokuphinda kusetshenziswe iphrofayela kuvame ukwenzeka ngomzuzwana owodwa ngoba okukodwa kubangele okunye, futhi ushintsho lwekheli lungolwephrofayela. Funda iphrofayela ngaphambi kokufunda ilogi yomhubhe.

Wehlukanisa futhi i-interface eyakhiwe kabusha nedivayisi ekhona. Ukulungiselelwa okuqhubekayo kanye ne-interface yesikhathi sokusebenza kuyizinto ezihlobene, futhi akukho kuzo okuwubunikazi besisetshenziswa esingunaphakade.

Kusho ukuthini amanani okulingisa omlawuli

Incwadi yokubhekisela yezilungiselelo ze-Ethernet ka NetworkManager yehlukanisa ikheli elinikezwe ngokucacile namanani akhethekile afana no-preserve, permanent, random kanye stable, ngokupela okuhlukene emugqeni womyalo naku-interface ye-D-Bus.

Lawo manani ayikhono elisekelwayo lomlawuli oyedwa. Awabona ubufakazi bokuthi lesi sithombe sisebenzisa lowo mlawuli, ukuthi le phrofayela isebenzise ukulingisa okungahleliwe, noma ukuthi inqubo ye-VPN yabhala kabusha i-NIC. Ukulungiselelwa okusebenzayo kule host kuphela okuphendula lokho.

Hlola umnikazi wesilungiselelo esikhundleni sokufaka umlawuli wesibili ukuze isilungiselelo sitholakale. Abalawuli ababili abalwela i-interface eyodwa bakhiqiza ukungazinzi okufanayo ncamashi abantu abasola umhubhe ngakho kamuva.

Lungisa isidingo sobunikazi, hhayi ukubonisa

Lapho ukubekelwa kwendawo kudingeka, landela indlela yobunikazi bomsebenzisi yomabi uqobo futhi uyenze ihambisane nendlela i-interface elungiselelwe ngayo. Ukunamathisela ikheli lebhuloho noma lomhubhe elingahlobene ukuze uhlu lubonakale luzinzile akuxazululi lutho. Futhi kwakha ubunikazi besibili okungekho muntu obulubhalile.

I-VPN ehambiswa kude iqinisekisa i-peer yayo futhi inikeza amakheli ngemodeli yayo. Ukufriza ikheli le-LAN akubhalisi leyo peer futhi akudali ukwabiwa komhubhe okugxilile.

Ngaphambi koshintsho lobunikazi olugunyaziwe, gcina ukulungiselelwa kwangaphambili kubuyiseka, ikakhulukazi emshinini ongenakhanda ongakwazi ukuwufinyelela ngezinyawo. Bese uqinisekisa i-interface efanayo kanye nensizakalo yendawo efanayo ngemva kokuxhuma kabusha.

Okutholakele okufanele kubhalwe ukuthi iyiphi into eshintshile, ubani oyilungisile, nokuthi lokho kwephula yini isivumelwano sobunikazi obukuhlosile. Noma yini ebanzi kunalokho iwukuqagela okugqoke izingubo zesiphetho. Okutholakele okuncane nakho kuyaphasa ekubuyekezweni.