Isixwayiso sokuqapha inethiwekhi ku-Android: funda ushintsho lokuthembela
Isaziso sokuqapha, i-CA efakiwe kanye nenqubomgomo ephethwe kuzinto ezintathu ezihlukene. Hlola okubikwa yi-Android ngaphambi kokususa ubufakazi.
Izaziso ezintathu zibukeka zifana ocingweni, futhi kube kanye kuphela kuzo esikhuluma ngesitifiketi. Umugqa wesimo se-VPN, isixwayiso sesitore sokuthembela kanye nebhana yedivayisi ephethwe ngamunye ubiza isilawuli esihlukile, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza olusekhelini ngaleso sikhathi kungenzeka lungabi nalo nelilodwa lazo. Ukufunda amagama aqondile kuqala kukusindisa ekususeni into engalungile. Yenza izivivinyo ezinhlanu ezingezansi ngokulandelana futhi ume kokokuqala okwehlulekayo, ngoba isenzo esifanele sishintsha ngokuphelele esinyathelweni ngasinye.
Isinyathelo 0: khomba ukuthi yisiphi isaziso osibonayo
Amagama abaluleke ngaphezu kwesithonjana. Isaziso sesimo se-VPN sisho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luphethe i-VpnService esebenzayo. Isixwayiso sesitifiketi sisho ukuthi kukhona okufakiwe esitoreni sokuthembela. Isaziso sedivayisi ephethwe sisho ukuthi umlawuli usebenzise inqubomgomo, okungenzeka ukuthi yiyo eyafaka ukuthembela njengengxenye yaleyo nqubomgomo.
| Notice | What it asserts | First check |
|---|---|---|
| VPN status | An app is running a local VPN service | Which app holds the active VPN right now |
| Certificate authority installed | A CA exists in a trust store | Issuer, validity and which store holds it |
| Managed device or profile | An administrator owns part of the configuration | Whether device policy installed the credential |
Lapho umbhalo usho ngokwezwi nezwi ukuthi «Network may be monitored», umthumeli wuhlelo hhayi umhlinzeki we-VPN: i-Android iphrinta lowo mugqa njalo lapho uhlelo lokusebenza luphethe i-VpnService esebenzayo, ngakho iklayenti levamile lezohwebo liyikhiqiza ngaphandle kokufaka lutho esitoreni sokuthembela. Izaziso ezimbili kwezintathu zingaba yiqiniso ngasikhathi sinye, yingakho isikhalazo sivamise ukubiza okungalungile. Uma umusho uthi i-CA ifakiwe, i-VPN ingaba umsolwa kuphela, futhi ukuyisusa kungase kushiye isixwayiso khona lapho sasikhona.
Isinyathelo 1: thola ubufakazi kanye nesitore sakho
Ku-Android 9 kuya ku-12 indlela ithi Izilungiselelo, bese Ukuphepha, bese Ukubethela nobufakazi, bese Ubufakazi obuthembekile; i-Android 13 nakamuva zihambisa isikrini esifanayo ngaphansi kokuthi Ukuphepha nobumfihlo, bese Izilungiselelo ezengeziwe zokuphepha, futhi izikhumba zabakhiqizi ziphinde zishintshe amagama amazinga, ngakho uma indlela ingahambisani sesha «Ubufakazi obuthembekile» kuhlelo lokusebenza lwezilungiselelo. Ithebhu yomsebenzisi iqukethe iziphathimandla ezifakwe umuntu noma uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi ithebhu yesistimu iqukethe lokho okwafika nokwakhiwa. Igunya eliphushwe ukuphatha livela ngenqubomgomo yedivayisi noma ngaphakathi kwephrofayela yomsebenzi, hhayi njengokuthinta okuvamile esitoreni lomsebenzisi.
Bhala umkhiphi, izinsuku zokusebenza kanye nokuthi ngubani oyifakile. Uma ingeno ingekho nhlobo esitoreni lomsebenzisi, ma lapha, ngoba iyinto yesistimu noma ephethwe futhi akuwona umsebenzi wakho ukuyisusa esikrinini sezilungiselelo. Ukususa umugqa ongalungile lapho yikho okwenza ucingo lulahlekelwe yi-Wi-Fi noma ukungena komsebenzi kuyilapho umbuzo wokuthembela uhlezi ungenampendulo.
Isinyathelo 2: hlukanisa i-CA yephrofayela ye-VPN nokuthembela kocingo
Iphrofayela ye-OpenVPN, noma noma iyiphi iklayenti eqinisekisa iseva yayo nge-TLS, ingase iphathe i-CA esetshenziswa yilelo klayenti kuphela ukuze iqinisekise iseva yayo siqu. Iphrofayela ye-WireGuard ayiphethe i-CA nhlobo: incike kumapheya okhiye basesidlangalaleni, ngakho igunya elisesitoreni sokuthembela le-Android alikwazanga ukuthi livele ekucushweni kwe-WireGuard. Leso sitifiketi sendawo yephrofayela asifinyeleli kunoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi ukusikopisha esitoreni sokuthembela sesistimu kuwumsebenzi ohlukile onobubanzi bomthelela obuhlukile. Ukugcina lezi ezimbili zihlukene yiyo yonke inhloso yalesi sinyathelo, ngoba eyesibili kuphela eshintsha lokho ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyokwamukela.
Ngakho iphrofayela ye-VPN equkethe i-CA ayibona ubufakazi bokugadla, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-VPN alusona umnikazi wengeno yokuthembela olungakaze luyidale. Isivivinyo asibizi: misa i-VPN bese ufunda kabusha isaziso. Uma isixwayiso sesitifiketi sisekhona lapho, i-VPN ayisibekanga lapho futhi ukususa uhlelo lokusebenza ngeke kusisuse.
Isinyathelo 3: hlukanisa igunya leseva nobunikazi beklayenti
Isitifiketi sobunikazi beklayenti kanye nokhiye waso wangasese kuqinisekisa le divayisi kuseva. I-CA ithenjwa ukuze iqinisekise amaseva ezinhlelweni zokusebenza. Zigcinwa ndawonye futhi zibukeka zifana ohlwini, kodwa zenza umsebenzi ohluke ngokuphelele.
Ukususa ubunikazi beklayenti kungase kuphule ukuqinisekisa kwe-Wi-Fi noma kwe-VPN ngaphandle kokwenza lutho ekuthembeleni kwe-HTTPS, futhi ukususa i-CA kuthinta zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezamukela lelo gunya. Nquma ukuthi yikuphi kokubili okubonayo ngaphambi kokucindezela noma yini, ngoba impendulo ibiza umnikazi kanye nendlela yokubuyisela.
Isinyathelo 4: buza ukuthi iziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithemba ngempela
Ukucushwa Kokuphepha Kwenethiwekhi kwe-Android kubeka umngcele wohlelo lokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlose i-API 24 noma ephezulu zithemba iziphathimandla zesistimu ngokuzenzakalela, kuyilapho izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlose i-API 23 noma ezingaphansi zithemba futhi iziphathimandla ezengezwe umsebenzisi ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza lungabiza izigxobo zalo siqu, lwengeze imithetho ngokwesizinda noma luphume ngokuphelele kokuzigxobo.
Ngakho «kufakwe ocingweni» akuchazi ukuthembela kwe-HTTPS kokunye nokunye uhlelo lokusebenza: igunya elengezwe umsebenzisi lingase lihlonishwe uhlelo oludala, lishaywe indiva olwamanje futhi lithenjwe ngokucacile uhlelo oluletha izigxobo zalo siqu. Uma igunya lafakwa nge-Wi-Fi yomsebenzi, ngesevisi yewebhu yangasese noma ngokuhlolwa okuvunyelwe, umbuzo owusizo uwukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza namaphrofayela ancike kulo. Umhlahlandlela Wokucushwa Kokuphepha Kwenethiwekhi uyisithenjwa sokuthi igunya elifakiwe lifinyelela kude kangakanani kuhlelo oluthile lokusebenza, futhi yingxenye leyo izifinyezo eziningi zalesi sixwayiso ezishiya ngaphandle.
Isinyathelo 5: nquma, bese ubhala umnikazi kanye nohlelo lokuphuma
Uma igunya lilindelekile, bhala ukuthi ngubani oyifakile, yikuphi ukuxhumana okuncike kulo nokuthi liyosuswa kanjani. Ukuthemba igunya kuyisinqumo esibalulekile ngisho nalapho kungekho kugadla namuhla, ngoba ukuthembela yikho okwenza ukugadla kwenzeke kamuva.
Uma kungakalindelekile, phenya ngomnikazi wedivayisi noma wesevisi ngaphambi kokufaka idatha ebucayi kuleyo cingo. Uma sekuphelelwe yisikhathi, susa leyo nto ethile ngomuntu oyifakile, ngemva kokuhlola ukuthi yini encike kuyo, futhi ungaqali ngokususa bonke ubufakazi. Ukufihla isixwayiso kushintsha ukuboniswa futhi akukho okunye. Ukhiye wangasese noma iphrofayela ephelele akufanele neze kulayishwe kusevisi yomphakathi yokuhlola izitifiketi ukuze kuxazululwe umbuzo.
Ngaphambi kokushiya isikrini uzofuna izimpendulo ezintathu: ngubani oyifakile, yikuphi ukuxhumana okuncike kulo nokuthi liyosuswa kanjani.