Me ya sa hotspot ke tura DNS wani wuri kafin VPN ya haɗu?
Hotspot yana rubuta neman sunaye a kan nasa hanyar sadarwa, kuma ana warware ƙarshen sunan mai masauki kafin kowace rami ta kasance. Bibiyi wane mai warwarewa ya amsa kowace tambaya.
Shiga cibiyar sadarwar otal yana sanya muku shawarwari biyu na DNS a lokuta daban-daban: neman da na'urar ke yi yayin shiga, da neman da ake yi bayan an kafa rami. Hotspot na iya yin tasiri a kan na farko ta hanyar sadarwar da yake sarrafawa. Na biyu ya dogara da manufofin abokin ciniki kansa, wanda wani abu ne daban da za a duba.
Bi hanyar haɗin a tsari, daga farkon hayar DHCP zuwa tambayar da ta warware wani suna na sirri. Sa'an nan gazawa biyu da suke kama da juna a cikin tikitin tallafi sun rabu sosai: ɗaya ya faru kafin ramin ya kasance, ɗayan kuma ya faru a cikinsa.
Abin da hotspot zai iya taɓawa da abin da ba zai iya ba
Cibiyar sadarwar shiga tana ba da adireshin mai warwarewa a cikin DHCP kuma na iya tsare tashar jiragen ruwa 53 zuwa wannan adireshin. Wannan ya isa a amsa kowace tambaya marar kariya da adireshin ƙofar shiga ko shafin toshewa. Hakanan ya isa a karya abokin ciniki na VPN wanda aka rubuta ƙarshensa a matsayin sunan mai masauki.
Abin da hotspot ba zai iya ba shi ne karanta ko sake rubuta tambaya da zarar ta yi tafiya cikin wani rami da aka kafa, muddin ramin yana ɗauke da ita da gaske. Tsarewa ya dogara da ganin tambayar a cikin rubutu bayyananne.
Tambayoyi suna barin ramin ko ta yaya saboda dalilai da ba su da alaƙa da hotspot: saitin DNS mai aminci na mai bincike, ƙa'idar split-DNS da ke ajiye ƙari na kamfani a kan mai warwarewa na gida, ko abokin ciniki da aka saita don ware DNS daga ramin. Kowanne zaɓi ne na gefen abokin ciniki, kuma kowanne yana kama da tsoma bakin hotspot idan an duba daga waje.
| Path | Who answers | What a failure looks like |
|---|---|---|
| Lookup before the tunnel is up | The network's resolver | The client never reaches its endpoint |
| Lookup inside the tunnel | The resolver pushed by the client | Local policy or tunnel DNS is misconfigured |
| Browser secure DNS | A DoH provider over port 443 | Both the hotspot and the tunnel policy are bypassed |
Farkon neman yana faruwa kafin ramin ya kasance
Abokin ciniki da aka ba shi sunan mai masauki dole ne ya fara warware shi, kuma a wannan lokacin babu wani rami da ke kare tambayar. Idan hotspot ya amsa da adireshin ƙofar shiga, tattaunawar ta kasa ko ta ratse. Idan ya amsa da komai ba, abokin ciniki yana ba da rahoton kuskuren suna kuma ramin ba ya farawa. Kowanne daga sakamakon biyu yana bayanin tarihin rami mara komai wanda in ba haka ba yana kama da marar laifi.
Tsarin aiki ma suna gudanar da nasu gwaje-gwajen haɗi da gano ƙofar shiga, waɗanda aka kwatanta a RFC 8910 da RFC 8952, kuma waɗannan buƙatun suna fita kafin kowace VPN ta tashi. Ganinsu a cikin tarihin wakili ɗabi'a ce da ake tsammani ba hujjar zubar ba.
Magani mai amfani shi ne a ba abokin ciniki ƙarshen da ba ya buƙatar nema. Idan hakan ba zai yiwu ba, fara kammala shiga sannan a haɗa.
Gano wane mai warwarewa ya amsa
Tambayi tsarin ba mai bincike ba, kuma gudanar da tambayar sau biyu: sau ɗaya ta hanyar duk wani mai warwarewa da na'urar ke amfani da shi yanzu, sau ɗaya a kan wani adireshi tabbatacce.
resolvectl query vpn.example.com dig +short vpn.example.com dig +short vpn.example.com @1.1.1.1
Amsa daga umarni na farko da ya bambanta da na uku yana gaya muku cewa mai warwarewa na gida yana mayar da wani abu daban, wanda shine abin da hotspot mai turawa waje yake yi. Gazawar na uku tare da nasarar na farko na nuni ga ƙofar shiga: mai warwarewa na gida ya ba da adireshin shiga yayin da aka jefar da tashar 53 mai fita. Ƙarewar lokaci a duka biyu yana nufin cibiyar sadarwa tana watsi da DNS har sai an kammala tabbatarwa.
Maimaita bayan haɗawa kuma kwatanta. Amsar da aka ajiye a cache tana wucewa da canjin, don haka share cache ko tambayi sabon suna don lura ta biyu.
Ka riƙe neman da ke gaba a kan hanyar da ka yi niyya
Bayanan cikakken rami da ke kama DNS ma shine mafi sauƙin tsari: kowace tambaya daga kowace manhaja tana zuwa ga mai warwarewa da ramin ke turawa, kuma cibiyar sadarwar gida tana ganin zirga-zirgar da aka ɓoye kawai. Tabbatar da haka ta hanyar warware sunan ciki da na waje bayan haɗawa, sannan kwatanta amsoshin biyu da abin da mai warwarewar ramin ke mayarwa shi kaɗai.
Split-DNS yana buƙatar jerin yankuna da aka rubuta da niyya: ƙarin kamfani ta cikin rami, duk sauran a gida, kuma babu haɗuwa tsakanin su biyun.
DNS mai aminci na mai bincike yana waje da wannan manufar, don haka idan dole ne a kashe shi domin bayanan ya kasance cikin tsari, kashe shi don wannan bayanan ba don na'urar ba. Yi haka a cikin saitunan mai bincike, ba ta gyara mai warwarewar tsarin ba, domin canjin ya bayyana a gaba. Rubuta amsa, mai warwarewa da matakin haɗi a layi ɗaya ga kowace gwaji. Rahoton da ya ce DNS ya kasa a Wi-Fi na otal yana bayanin alama da aƙalla dalilai uku daban-daban.