Inda kariyar VPN ke ƙarewa a hanyar zuwa uwar garken FTP
VPN na rufe hanyar zuwa ƙofarta, ba sashin da ke bayanta ba. Ka raba FTP na fili, FTPS da SFTP, sannan ka tabbatar da tashar bayanai da ainihin wanda ke wancan gefen.
VPN na kare hanya, kuma kowace hanya tana da ƙarshe. Lokacin da rami ya ƙare a ƙofar kamfani, canja wurin fayil yana ci gaba daga nan ƙarƙashin kariyar da nasa ƙa’idar ke bayarwa. Wannan bambanci ne ke yanke shawara ko canja wuri yana da kariya daga farko zuwa ƙarshe ko kuwa har zuwa ƙofar kawai. Alamar Connected ba ta faɗin komai game da kowane ɗaya daga cikinsu.
Wurare biyu, hanyoyi biyu da suka rage
Ɗauki kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da ke shiga VPN na kamfani sannan ya buɗe zaman FTP zuwa wata uwar garke ta ciki daban. Ramin yana tsayawa a ƙofar, kuma sashin daga ƙofar zuwa wannan uwar garken yana waje da ita.
FTP na fili ba ya samun ɓoyewa don kawai fakitinsa sun zo ta rami. A wannan sashin da ya rage, umarnin, bayanan shiga da abin da ke cikin fayil ɗin suna tafiya daidai yadda ƙa’idar ta bayyana, wato a fili. Ko hakan yana da muhimmanci ya dogara da tsarin wuri da abin da kuma ke tsare sashin, kuma kiran adireshin na sirri ba ya amsa tambayar. Wannan tunani ɗaya yana aiki a akasin haka lokacin da uwar garken ke cikin cibiyar sadarwar girgije da ƙofar ke isa gareta ta wani tsalle.
Sanya ƙarshen VPN da sabis ɗin FTP a kan na’ura ɗaya, to babu wani sashe na gaba da za a damu da shi. Wannan wani wuri ne daban, ba hujja ba ce cewa ayyukan, fayiloli da bayanan shiga na mai masaukin suna da aminci.
FTP na fili, FTPS da SFTP yanke shawara uku ne
FTP na fili ba ya ɓoye komai, har da kalmar sirri. FTPS yana ƙara TLS ga FTP, don haka tashar sarrafawa da, idan an tattauna, tashar bayanai suna da kariya. SFTP wata ƙa’ida ce daban da ake ɗauka cikin SSH, kuma ba wani rubutu na FTPS ba ne.
Dole uwar garken ta goyi bayan wannan zaɓi, domin abokin ciniki ba zai iya ƙirƙirar mai sauraro da babu shi ba. Zaɓin SFTP ba ya mayar da sabis ɗin FTP kawai zuwa ƙarshen SSH, kuma sake suna alamar shafi ko canza tashar jiragen ruwa ba ya tabbatar da komai game da abin da aka tattauna. Tabbatar da ƙa’idar daga gefen uwar garken da kuma gefen abokin ciniki. Kulle a cikin manajan fayil ɗaya da’awa ce game da zaman, ba game da mai sauraron da ke bayansa ba.
| Protocol | Usual port | What it protects | Identity check |
|---|---|---|---|
| FTP | 21 | Nothing on the wire | None beyond the login |
| FTPS | 21 or 990 | Control channel, data channel when required | TLS server certificate |
| SFTP | 22 | The whole session inside SSH | SSH host key |
Karanta shafi na ƙarshe lokacin da canja wurin ke da muhimmanci, domin a nan ne canjin ainihi da ba a zata ba ke bayyana.
Haɗin bayanai haɗi ne na biyu
FTP yana buɗe haɗin sarrafawa sannan haɗin bayanai daban don jerin abubuwa da canja wuri. Shiga mai kariya ba ta faɗin komai game da waɗannan haɗin na baya ba, sai dai idan turawar ta buƙaci kariya gare su ma.
Da FTPS, abokin ciniki yana neman tashar bayanai mai kariya ta wani umarni na musamman, kuma manufar uwar garken na iya ƙin zaɓin buɗaɗɗe. Tabbatar cewa manufar tana buƙatar hakan maimakon ɗauka cewa tsohuwar abokin ciniki ta isa. Yanayin jiran aiki yana ƙara wata matsala, domin uwar garken tana sanar da adireshi da tashar jiragen ruwa don haɗin bayanai. Tanderu ko na’urar NAT da ke sake rubuta ko toshe wannan sanarwar tana haifar da zaman da ke tabbatar da kansa sannan ya tsaya a jerin farko.
curl -vk ftps://files.corp.example/ --user alice --ftp-ssl-control
openssl s_client -connect files.corp.example:21 -starttls ftp
ss -tnp | grep -E ':21|:990'
Umarni na biyu yana nuna abin da uwar garken ke gabatarwa a tashar sarrafawa kafin a taɓa kowane fayil. Na uku yana nuna ko an taɓa kafa haɗin bayanai, wanda shine bambanci tsakanin gazawar tabbatarwa da gazawar yanayin jiran aiki.
Tabbatar da ainihi yana tsira daga ramin
Abokin ciniki na FTPS yana tabbatar da ainihin uwar garken TLS, kuma abokin ciniki na SFTP yana tabbatar da maɓallin mai masaukin SSH. Duk tabbatarwar biyu na ƙa’idar canja wurin fayil ne, kuma VPN ba ya yin ko ɗaya.
Wannan rabuwa tana da muhimmanci lokacin da wani abu a tsakiya yake son duba zaman. Kashe TLS don na’urar sadarwa ta iya karanta umarnin yana canza tsarin kariya maimakon kammala shi, kuma haka ma game da karɓar maɓallin mai masauki marar bayani saboda ramin ya tashi. Riƙe tsarin amincewar da aka yi niyya kuma sami kayan da suka dace daga mai aiki. Ramin da ke tabbatar da kansa ba ya faɗin komai game da uwar garken da ke ƙarshensa mai nisa.
Kayan maɓallin sirri da takaddun shaida na waɗannan ƙa’idoji wani sirri ne na uku kuma, dabam da bayanan shiga na VPN.
Rubuta abin da ka tabbatar da gaske
Zaɓi fayil marar lahani da ka ke da izinin motsa shi, kuma rubuta abubuwa huɗu game da ƙoƙarin: wace ƙa’ida ta gudana, wane ainihin wanda ke wancan gefen aka tabbatar, wace hanya aka yi niyya, da ko canja wurin ya ƙare.
lftp -u alice -e "set ftp:ssl-protect-data true; ls; bye" ftps://files.corp.example
sftp -v [email protected]
Jerin babi, shiga cikin rami da canja wurin da ya ƙare abubuwan lura uku ne daban, kuma na ƙarshe ne kawai ke faɗin cewa hanyar tana aiki don fayiloli. Idan ƙirar ta dogara da VPN kawai don sirri a tsallen da ya rage, rubuta hakan a matsayin shawarar da take. Takardar karɓa da ke ambaton tsallen da tunaninta na amincewa ta fi hoton allo na abokin ciniki da aka haɗa daraja.