Bayani kan nauyin uwar garken VPN: masu amfani, CPU ko hanyar sama?
Ƙananan makin nauyi na iya nufin masu amfani marasa aiki, CPU da ya wuce ko faffadan hanyar sama. Karanta loadavg, ma’aunin mu’amala da fayil ɗin matsayi kafin ka kira shi da sauri.
Ƙofar da ke kan nauyi 0.4 na iya yin rarrafe ga kowane mai amfani da ke bayanta. Matsakaicin nauyi yana ƙidaya ayyukan da za a iya gudanarwa ko waɗanda suka makale cikin barcin da ba a iya katsewa, kuma a kan na’ura mai muryoyi huɗu aiki ɗaya da ya cika ya isa ya tura shi zuwa 1.0 yayin da muryoyi uku ke zaune a banza. Karanta wannan lambar a matsayin ragi shine mafi yawan kuskure wajen zaɓar wurin ƙarshe. Abin da ke iyakance ramin a zahiri yawanci ɗaya ne daga cikin abubuwa huɗu: murya ɗaya mai aiki, hanyar sama, jerin da ke gabanta, ko manufar kowane zama da babu wanda ya rubuta ta.
Matsakaicin nauyi yana ƙidaya ayyuka, ba kwarara ba
Kwakwalwar na’ura tana ɗaukar samfura daga jerin gudanarwa da adadin ayyukan da ke jiran shigarwa da fitarwa, sannan tana sassauta duka biyun cikin minti ɗaya, biyar da goma sha biyar. Babu wani abu a cikin wannan ma’anar da ya ambaci baiti, fakiti ko ramuka. Na’urar da ma’ajinta ya makale na iya ba da rahoton nauyi mai girma ba tare da kusan wani zirga-zirga ba, kuma na’urar da ke tura gigabit ta hanyar bayanan kwakwalwar na’ura na iya ba da rahoton nauyi mai daɗi.
Don haka haɗa nauyi da aikin rami yana buƙatar dubi ga kowane murya. Idan murya ɗaya ta cika, adadin jimillar a kan dashboard zai yi kama da kyau:
cat /proc/loadavg
mpstat -P ALL 1 1
top -H -b -n 1 | head -n 20Umarni na uku shine wanda ya fi muhimmanci a kan na’urorin VPN. Aikin fakiti a fannin mai amfani a cikin OpenVPN 2.x galibi ana jera shi ga kowane aiki, don haka zare ɗaya mai aiki zai iya zama rufin yayin da dashboard ke ba da rahoton wadataccen ƙarfin banza. Idan zare ɗaya ya riƙe mafi yawan murya a lokacin jinkirin ku, na’urar ba ta ƙarancin kayan aiki gaba ɗaya; an iyakance ta a yanayin da ya dace ya zama mai muhimmanci.
Kuma lura da lokacin. Matsakaicin minti goma sha biyar yana ɓoye fashewar da ta lalata kira, don haka hoton allo da aka ɗauka bayan ƙara shaidu ne marasa ƙarfi. Ɗauki samfura yayin matsalar, kuma ka riƙe tambarin lokaci tare da fitarwa.
Hanyar sama da jerin da ke gabanta
Ma’aunin mu’amala suna amsa tambayar faɗin band da lambobin CPU ba za su iya ba. Suna kuma raba ƙarfi daga asara, waɗannan kuma gazawa ne daban-daban da magunguna daban-daban:
ip -s link show dev eth0
tc -s qdisc show dev eth0
nstat -az TcpRetransSegs TcpExtTCPLostRetransmitHanyar da ta kusa da ƙimar da aka tanada mata yayin gwajin ku ita ce bayanin, kuma babu adadin CPU na banza da zai canza shi. Layin qdisc yana ƙara dalla-dalla mai muhimmanci ga zirga-zirgar hulɗa: tarin baya da faɗuwa suna gaya muku ko fakiti suna jira a jere kafin su tashi. Jerin da ya cika a ƙarƙashin babban loda yana haifar da ainihin alamar da mutane ke zargin uwar garken nesa da ita, wato jinkirin kira a kan haɗin da har yanzu yake da kyakkyawan sakamako a gwaji.
Ma’aunin sake aikawa suna kama yanayin da fakiti suka tashi amma ba su taɓa isowa lafiya ba. Idan sake aikawa ya ƙaru a cikin taga jinkiri kuma mu’amalar ba ta kusa da ƙarfi ba, matsalar tana cikin hanya ba a kan na’ura ba, kuma ƙaura zuwa wani wurin ƙarshe a cikin birni ɗaya ba zai taimaka ba.
Adadin zamana yana bayanin buƙata, ba ragi ba
Kowane jagorar jama’a yana nuna wani adadin masu amfani da suka haɗa, kuma kusan babu ɗayansu da zai gaya muku abin da waɗannan masu amfani suke yi. Zama ashirin da ke yin aikin hulɗa da zama huɗu da ke jan manyan fayiloli suna haifar da nauyi daban-daban a kan kayan aiki ɗaya. Tsarin na biyu ba a ganuwa a cikin adadin masu amfani, kuma shine wanda ke lalata maraice. Don haka adadin zama mafi kyau a karanta shi a matsayin alama kan buƙata, ba a matsayin sanarwa kan ƙarfin da ya rage ba.
| Number on the page | What it is really measuring | What it cannot tell you |
|---|---|---|
| Connected users | How many sessions hold an address | How much each one is transferring |
| Load or score | Whatever the operator chose to publish | Whether that definition matches your task |
| Uptime | How long since the process started | Current capacity, queue depth or packet loss |
| Distance or ping | Round-trip time on a small probe | Throughput under sustained transfer |
A kan na’urar da kuke sarrafawa, fayil ɗin matsayi yana ba da yanayin da ya ɓace. OpenVPN yana rubuta hoto na lokaci-lokaci wanda ya haɗa da ma’aunin baiti ga kowane abokin ciniki, kuma wannan ya isa don ganin ko zama ɗaya ne ke da alhakin dukan hanyar sama:
status /run/openvpn/server.status 10
# then, after at least one interval
grep -E "^CLIENT_LIST" /run/openvpn/server.statusSamfura biyu da suka rabu da daƙiƙa goma suna mai da waɗannan adadin da aka tara zuwa ƙima ga kowane abokin ciniki. Wannan shine ma’aunin da adadin masu amfani ke tsayawa a maimakonsa, kuma haka kuke gano cewa abokin ciniki ɗaya da ba a daidaita shi ba yana cika hanyar kowace dare a lokaci ɗaya.
Iyakokin kowane zama suna ɓoye cikin manufa
Uwar garke na iya zama a banza kuma har yanzu ta ƙi ba ku faɗin band. Iyakokin ƙima, iyakar faɗin band ga kowane abokin ciniki da siffanta zirga-zirga galibi ana amfani da su ga sunan gama gari ko ga tafki, don haka masu amfani biyu a kan ƙofa ɗaya na iya samun sakamako daban-daban ƙwarai. Hanyar ba da hankali ba ce, amma ba a ganuwa daga waje domin ramin yana tashi daidai a duka lokuta biyu.
Nemo siffanta a mu’amalar rami ba a ta zahiri ba. Duba ko iyakar tana bin mai amfani, takardar shaida ko tafkin adireshi. Idan asusun gwajin ku ya faɗa cikin tafkin da ba shi da iyaka, za ku yanke hukuncin cewa uwar garken tana lafiya kuma mai amfani da ke ƙara yana kuskure. Wannan hukunci ya fi rashin hukunci muni, domin yana rufe tikitin.
Kwatanta wuraren ƙarshe biyu da aiki ɗaya da aka tsayar
Gwajin daga bangaren abokin ciniki har yanzu ya cancanci yi, amma sai idan an tsayar da masu canji. Yi amfani da na’ura ɗaya, hanyar shiga ɗaya, yarjejeniya ɗaya da fayil ɗin manufa ɗaya, sannan ka maimaita a kan wani wurin ƙarshe na biyu a tazara makamancin haka. Duk abin da ya canza tsakanin gudu, har da lokacin yini, yana gurɓata sakamakon.
Rubuta gazawa da kulawa kamar yadda kuka rubuta nasarori. Jerin da wuraren ƙarshe uku ke aiki kuma ɗaya ya ƙare da lokaci ya fi bayanai fiye da lambobin sauri huɗu, domin yana nuni ga matsalar hanya ko manufa ba ƙarfi ba. Gudanar da kowane hali aƙalla sau biyu; samfurin jinkiri ɗaya ba ya tabbatar da komai a cibiyar sadarwa da aka raba.
A ƙarshe, riƙe lambobin da kuka tara tare da iƙirarin da suke goyan bayansu. "Wannan wurin ƙarshe ya gudanar da canjin a cikin taga ɗaya da ɗayan ya tsaya" abin karewa ne, yayin da "wannan wurin ƙarshe ya fi sauri" yana kiran gardama da ba za ku iya cin nasara da makin shafin farko ba. Littafin jagora na OpenVPN 2.6 yana rubuta fayil ɗin matsayi da zaɓuɓɓukan siffanta idan kuna buƙatar ainihin umarnin bangaren na’ura.