Sabuntawar ƙofar VPN ta kasa: karanta matakin kafin buɗe hanyar fita
Sabuntawa da ta kasa tana ambaton mataki, ba tashar da ta ɓace ba. Haɗa saƙon da mai shi, karanta hanyar wakili, sannan ka yanke shawara kan manufar kulawa da gangan.
Ƙin shigar da sabuntawar tsaro yana da mummuna mako ɗaya kacal daga zama matsalar wani, kuma ƙofa da ke karɓar abokan ciniki ita ce wuri mafi sauƙi don haɓaka wannan ɗabi’a. Dalilin da aka saba ba hanya da ta ɓace ba ne, amma shawarar da ta ɓace: babu wanda ya ce yadda maigidan da kansa zai isa ma’ajiya sa’ad da ake tura abokan ciniki da gangan. Dole ne a yanke wannan shawarar a fili, kuma dole ta kasance ƙunƙunta fiye da kashe manufar fita na wata rana.
Matakai huɗu, masu shi huɗu daban-daban
Kasar sabuntawa mataki ne mai suna, ko saƙon ya faɗi haka ko bai faɗa ba, kuma kowane mataki na wani mai shi ne daban. Sunan da ba za a warware shi ba tambaya ce ga mai warwarewa. Haɗin da ya ƙare lokaci tambaya ce ga jigilar kaya, wakili ko ƙarshen nesa. Kuskuren shaida ta TLS tambaya ce ta amincewa, kuma bayanan ajiya da aka ƙi tambaya ce ta sa hannu. Matakai huɗu, masu shi huɗu, kuma dokar tasha tana amsa ɗaya kacal daga cikinsu.
| The failure text mentions | Which component owns it | What you check first | What you must not change |
|---|---|---|---|
| a name that will not resolve | the resolver policy for this host | which resolver is used, and whether its path is permitted | nothing in the firewall: no repository packet has left yet |
| a connection that times out | routing, proxy or the far end | the destination, port and proxy the manager actually attempts | the egress policy, before you know that destination |
| a TLS identity mismatch | trust configuration and the server's identity | the chain the manager is presented with | verification settings, which only hide the mismatch |
| rejected archive metadata | the repository's signing metadata | whether the source carries valid, trusted metadata | the signature check, which is not a routing question |
Ping da warware sunaye gwaje-gwaje biyu ne da mutane suke fara amfani da su, kuma dukansu suna amsa tambayoyin da babu wanda ya yi. Amsar echo tana amfani da wata yarjejeniya dabam da haɗin ma’ajiya, kuma bincike mai nasara yana tsayawa a warware sunaye ba tare da gwada ɗaukar kaya ba. Dukansu na iya wucewa yayin da ainihin ciniki ke kasa, kuma dukansu na iya kasa saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da hanya.
Karanta hanyar da mai gudanarwa ke bi a zahiri
Bincika URIn da aka saita na tushe da ainihin tsarin wakili maimakon ɗaukan ɗaya daga cikinsu. Dokar da aka rubuta don HTTP na fili ba gyara ba ce sa’ad da ma’ajiyar ke magana da HTTPS, kuma ƙungiyar da ke tilasta wakili ta riga ta zaɓi hanyar. Masu gudanar da fakiti suna girmama masu canza muhalli da nasu tsarin, kuma saitunan da suka shafi maigida na iya wuce na duniya. Abin da mai bincike mai hulɗa ke yi ba lallai ne ya zama abin da mai gudanarwa ke yi ba.
apt-get update -o Debug::Acquire::http=true
apt-config dump | grep -i proxy
env | grep -i proxyTakardun jigilar APT sun bayyana waɗanne saituna suka shafi wace tsarin URI da yadda ake rubuta zaɓin da suka shafi maigida. Ajiye fitar da umarnin tare da tikitin, domin yana raba matsalar wakili da hanyar da ta ɓace da sauri fiye da kowane adadin sakamakon ping. Rubuta ainihin wurin da ake nufi, tashar da yarjejeniyar da mai gudanarwa ke ƙoƙari, kuma bari canjin katangar wuta ya dogara da wannan rikodin maimakon adireshin madubi da aka yi tsammani wanda zai tsufa cikin watanni.
Zaɓi manufar kulawa, ba keɓe ba
Manufofi uku ana iya kare su: kulawa ta hanyar rami, kulawa ta hanyar wakilin sabuntawa da ake gudanarwa, ko kulawa ta hanyar kai tsaye da aka ba da izini ƙunƙunci. Kowanne yana nuna tsarin mai warwarewa wanda ya dace da shi. Abin da ba za a iya kare shi ba shi ne keɓe da a hankali ya zama hanyar ajiyar da ba ta da iyaka a duk lokacin da rami ya faɗi.
Rubuta manufar da aka zaɓa tare da mai shi, domin mai aiki na gaba zai sami dokar ba tunanin da ke bayanta ba. Yi amfani da izini ta hanyar katangar wuta da ke akwai da mai cibiyar sadarwa maimakon share dokoki ko ƙara mai gudanar da manufa na biyu don maigida ɗaya. Rufe iyalan adireshi da wuraren sabis da ainihin tushen ke amfani da su, kuma sake duba jerin sa’ad da ma’ajiyar ta ƙaura.
Tabbatar ba tare da raunana amincewa ba
Nasarar jigilar kaya ba izini ba ce don sassauta tabbatarwa: tabbatar da ajiya da shaidar uwar garken TLS gwaji biyu ne daban, kuma kashe ɗayan yana sa kuskure ya ɓace yayin da yake canza abin da maigida zai karɓa. Wakili mai kutse shawara ce ta amincewa ta mai cibiyar sadarwa ba dalilin kashe gwajin cikin gida ba, kuma bayanan shiga ma’ajiya ba su da wuri a binciken da ake rabawa, domin cikakken log shine wuri mafi sauƙi don zubar da su.
Karɓi canjin da ɗaukar bayanan da ake sarrafawa sannan cinikin fakiti ɗaya da aka amince, sannan gwada abin da ke faruwa sa’ad da ramin ya faɗi. Hanyar kulawa da ke faɗaɗawa a hankali yayin katsewa ta fi muni fiye da wadda ke kasa a rufe, kuma sakamakon ya kamata ya zama hanyar sabuntawa da ke da sunan mai shi da iyakacin iyaka.