Hanyoyi biyu na sama amma rami ɗaya: juyawa, daidaitawa ko haɗawa
Juyawa lokacin gazawa, daidaitawa bisa kowane magudanar ruwa da haɗa magudanar ruwa ɗaya alkawura uku ne daban-daban. Hanyoyi biyu na asali suna ba ka na farko, ba sauran biyun ba.
Layukan intanet biyu na iya sa VPN ta fi samuwa, kuma suna iya sa ta fi sauri ga wasu nauyin aiki, amma injin ne ke yanke shawarar wanne daga cikin waɗannan biyun zai faru. Na'urar da ke da hanyoyi biyu na asali ba a haɗa ta ba, kuma rami da ke ɗaukar dubban haɗin ciki har yanzu magudanar ruwa ɗaya ce ta waje. Fara ambaton alkawarin ita ce bambanci tsakanin tsari da rashin kunya mai tsada. Teburin da ke ƙasa ya raba zaɓuɓɓukan bisa abin da kowanne ke buƙata a ƙarshen nesa da abin da asarar hanyar ke yi wa jigilar bayanai.
Alkawura uku, kuma ɗaya kaɗai ke buƙatar abokin tarayya
Juyawa lokacin gazawa na kiyaye hanya a samuwa sa'ad da hanyar da aka fi so ta ɓace. Daidaitawa bisa hash ɗin magudanan ruwa na watsa magudanan ruwa masu zaman kansu a kan hanyoyin sama biyu. Haɗa magudanar ruwa ɗaya na ba jigila ɗaya damar amfani da hanyoyin biyu lokaci ɗaya. Waɗannan kayayyaki ne daban-daban da buƙatu daban-daban, kuma na ƙarshe kaɗai ke buƙatar haɗin kai daga wani abu bayan na'urarka.
| Mechanism | Far-end requirement | Effect on one transfer | What breaks under a link loss |
|---|---|---|---|
| Packet-spraying overlay | A cooperating endpoint that reassembles the stream | Packets can spread across both links | Reordering and buffering on the surviving path; its own recovery logic decides what continues |
| MPTCP subflows | A peer or proxy that accepts subflows | Subflows can share one connection | Surviving subflows continue if the peer keeps them alive |
| Flow-hash balancing | Nothing new; the existing tunnel endpoint is enough | One outer flow still follows one link | Flows hashed onto the dead link move; established sessions break |
| Link failover | Nothing new | One path at a time; the second link sits idle | The session stalls or restarts on the other link |
Babu wani abu a cikin wannan tebur da zai zama dalilin sayan layi na biyu. Abin da yake yi shi ne hana a tantance tsarin juyawa kamar haɗawa ne.
Me ya sa rami ke kama da magudanar ruwa ɗaya ga na'urar
Na'urar da ke daidaita nauyi tana hash ɗin adiresoshin tushe da manufa tare da tashoshin, sannan ta aika dukan magudanar ruwa inda hash ɗin ya nuna. Ramin VPN irin wannan magudanar ruwa ɗaya ne daga ganin na'urar, ko me ke gudana a cikinsa. Haɗin ciki ba sa taɓa isa shawarar hash ɗin, domin kan waje ya riga ya yanke hanyar. Shi ya sa hanyar sama ta biyu za ta iya ninka jimillar ƙarfin ga masu amfani da yawa kuma ba ta canza kome ga babban jigilar mai amfani ɗaya.
Ramuka biyu dabam-dabam na iya ba ka 'yan takara biyu, amma har yanzu suna buƙatar manufa da aka yi da gangan wadda ke raba zirga-zirga kuma ke riƙe amsoshi a hanyar da ta ɗauki buƙatar. Hanyar da ba ta daidaita ita ce sakamakon da aka saba samu idan an tsallake wannan matakin. Mafi ƙaranci shi ne manufar da ke ambaton magudanar ruwan, hanyar da aka fi so da hanyar ajiya.
Haɗa Ethernet ba ya wucewa tsakanin masu bayarwa da ba su da alaƙa, domin ƙarshen nesa dole ya shiga cikin ka'idar haɗawa. Haɗawa tsakanin masu bayar da intanet biyu aikin bincike ne sai idan akwai ƙarshen da ke haɗin kai.
Abin da TCP mai hanyoyi da yawa ke buƙata a ƙarshen biyu
Takardun Linux kan Multipath TCP sun bayyana ƙananan magudanan ruwa da yawa na haɗi ɗaya. Tallafin kernel a ƙarshe ɗaya ba ya canza kome shi kaɗai, domin abokin haɗin ma dole ya karɓi waɗannan ƙananan magudanan ruwan. Wakili a gefen nesa shi ne sauran tsarin da aka saba, kuma yana zama ɓangare mai nasa ƙarfi da samuwar da za a tsara. Wannan tunani ɗaya ya hana samun amsa mai sauƙi ga WireGuard, wanda jigilarsa UDP ce: MPTCP na ƙara ƙananan magudanan TCP kuma ba zai iya haɗa wannan ramin ba tare da wani abu a cikin tsari ba.
Duba ko fasalin kernel yana kunne kafin ka tsara a kansa, domin yawancin rarraba suna kawo shi a kashe. Waɗannan umarni uku suna amsa hakan cikin minti ɗaya.
sysctl net.mptcp.enabled
ss -M | head
ip mptcp limits showZaɓi daga nauyin aiki, ba daga ƙasida ba
Idan nauyin aiki zamanta ne masu zaman kansu da yawa, daidaitawa bisa hash na iya ƙara ƙarfi ba tare da haɗin kai a ƙarshen nesa ba. Idan babban jigila ɗaya ne, kawai tsarin haɗawa zai taimaka, kuma wannan tsarin yana buƙatar abokin da ke haɗin kai. Idan buƙatar ita ce aiki ya ci gaba idan hanya ta mutu, amsar ita ce juyawa kuma yawan jigilar jigila ɗaya ba shi da muhimmanci.
Rubuta buƙatar a cikin jumla ɗaya da fi'ili a ciki: ajiya ɗaya yana ƙarewa sau biyu da sauri, ko hanyar da ta faɗi ba ta kawo ƙarshen zama ba. Manufofi marasa bayani suna haifar da tsare-tsare da babu wanda zai iya karɓa ko ƙi. Sannan ka yanke shawarar abin da ƙarshen nesa zai iya zama, domin mafi arha zaɓi sau da yawa shi ne wanda ba ya buƙatar wani sabon abu a can. Wannan ƙuntatawa tana kawar da yawancin iƙirarin ƙasida kafin taro na farko.
Ka riƙe alkawura ukun dabam a cikin takardar buƙatu. Tsarin da ke iƙirarin duka ukun yakan bayar da ɗaya kuma a hankali ya ɗauka sauran. Sashe na gaba yana gwada wanne ake bayarwa da gaske.
Gwada jigila ɗaya da da yawa, sannan ka ja hanya
Kwatanta jigila ɗaya mai ci gaba da jigilai da yawa na layi ɗaya zuwa manufa ɗaya, kuma rubuta asara, jinkiri da amfani bisa kowace hanya. Riba kawai da zamanta na layi ɗaya tana nuni ga rarraba magudanan ruwa, ba ga haɗa magudanar ruwa ɗaya ba. Gwada asarar hanyar sama ɗaya dabam, domin ƙarfin yayin da hanyoyin biyu ke aiki ba ya faɗin kome game da juyawa ga zamar da aka kafa. Rubuta hanya, soket da ƙididdigar sake aikawa kafin kowane gwaji da bayansa.
ip route show default
ip route get 10.80.0.5
mtr -n -c 20 -r 10.80.0.5Lokacin da jigila ɗaya har yanzu yana amfani da hanyar sama ɗaya, tsarin yana yin daidai abin da hash na magudanar ruwa ke nufi. Lokacin da jigilai na layi ɗaya suka watsu a kan duka biyun, daidaitawa tana aiki kuma haɗawa ba ta aiki. Rubuta wanne daga cikin alkawura ukun tsarin ke riƙewa da gaske, kuma tattaunawar ƙarfi ta gaba za ta fara daga hujja ba daga iƙirarin mai sayarwa ba.