Rabon maɓalli na TLS da takardar shaidar abokin ciniki: wanne ne ke shiga?
Raba yarjejeniyar maɓalli daga tabbatar da abokin ciniki da asalin manhaja, sannan ka karanta saƙonnin musafaha da ke nuna wanne ne haɗin ya yi amfani da shi a zahiri.
Ɗaukar ƙimar musayar maɓalli na jama'a a cikin musafaha ba shi ne irin wannan al'amari da abokin ciniki shiga ba. Ɗaya yana kafa yanayin sirri na haɗin; ɗayan yana bayyana wanene abokin ciniki, kuma yana faruwa ne kawai sa'ad da uwar garke ya nemi haka kuma musayar ta goyi bayan hakan. Ɗaukar na farko a matsayin na biyu yana kaiwa ga ƙarshe marasa kyau game da abin da VPN ke ɓoyewa da abin da ba ya ɓoyewa. Karanta saƙonnin, sannan ka yanke shawara wanne ne daga cikin halaye huɗu da ka lura da shi da gaske.
Abubuwa biyu da suke kama da juna a rikodin
Abokin ciniki na TLS 1.3 na iya bayar da kayan musayar maɓalli a jirginsa na farko ba tare da gabatar da kowace takarda shaidar ba. Wannan gudummawar jama'a ce bisa ƙira, domin uwar garke na buƙatarta don fitar da sirrin da aka raba. Takardar shaidar abokin ciniki wata saƙo ce dabam, kuma ana aika ta ne kawai bayan uwar garke ya nemi ɗaya. Tana ɗauke da asalin da uwar garke zai tabbatar da shi daga baya, kuma tabbatar da juna shawara ce da uwar garke ke yankewa, ba hali da tsarin sirri ke nufi ba. Asalin manhaja wani abu na uku ne gaba ɗaya: fom ɗin shiga, alamar mai ɗauka, ko kuki. Babu ɗaya daga cikinsu da ke bayyana a musafaha, kuma dukansu suna jure canjin hanyar sadarwa.
| Object in play | What it establishes |
|---|---|
| Key-exchange share | Cryptographic state for this connection |
| Server certificate | Which server the client reached |
| Client certificate | Client authentication, when requested |
| Application session | Account identity inside the application |
Layuka huɗu ɓangarori ne daban. Haɗi na iya samun layi na ɗaya da na biyu, ya tsallake na uku, kuma har yanzu yana ɗauke da na huɗu a kan kai na kuki.
Yanke shawara abin da musafahar da aka rikoda za ta iya tabbatarwa
Daga musafahar kaɗai, mai lura yana koyon sigar da aka tattauna, tsarin sirri, takardar shaidar uwar garke da ƙimar musayar maɓalli na jama'a. Wannan ya isa a ɗauki sawun yatsa na aiwatar da abokin ciniki da kuma ganin wace uwar garke aka tuntuɓa. Abin da ba ya bayarwa shi ne yanayin sirri da ake buƙata don buɗe sirrin haɗin, wanda sirrinsa ya dogara kan musayar wucin gadi ba kan rabon jama'a ba. Ba ya kuma bayar da asalin asusu, wanda tun farko ba ya cikin musafahar.
Don haka ƙarshen gaskiya ɗan ƙunci ne: ba a gabatar da kowace takardar shaidar abokin ciniki a wannan musayar ba. Ba wai abokin ciniki bai aika da wani abu mai alaƙa ba, kuma tabbas ba wai zaman bai ɗauki kowace alama ba.
Karanta saƙonnin maimakon sunan sirri
Tambayi uwar garke abin da yake nema, maimakon yin hasashe daga tsarin sirri. Musafahar TLS 1.3 da ta ƙunshi neman takardar shaida ana iya ganinta a rubutun, kuma rashinta ma ana iya ganinsa haka.
openssl s_client -connect app.example.net:443 -tls1_3 -msg < /dev/null 2>&1 | grep -i -E 'key_share|CertificateRequest'
Sannan ka maimaita tare da saita takardar shaidar abokin ciniki, ka kwatanta. Gudun na biyu ya kamata ya nuna ana aika takardar kuma ana karɓa; na farko bai kamata ya nuna ɗaya ba, kuma wannan shi ne bambanci na zahiri da ake magana akai.
openssl s_client -connect app.example.net:443 -tls1_3 -cert client.pem -key client.key -quiet
Idan kana buƙatar yanayin burauza na yau da kullum kawai, fitarwar abokin ciniki mai zurfi ta isa don ganin sigar yarjejeniya, sakamakon tabbatarwa da kuma ko an ba da takardar shaidar abokin ciniki. Uwar garke da ba ta taɓa aika neman takardar shaida ba ba za ta iya samun ɗaya ba.
Inda sake ci gaba ke canza amsar
Sake ci gaba a TLS 1.3 na amfani da tikiti masu alaƙa da yanayin sirri, don haka haɗi na gaba zai iya kammala ba tare da cikakken musayar takardar shaida ba. Wannan yana rage abin da mai lura ke gani kuma yana canza abin da rubutun ke tabbatarwa. Ba ya ƙirƙirar asali a inda babu shi. Zaman da aka sake ci gaba har yanzu na cikin zaman manhajar ɗaya ne, kuma kowane kuki ko alama a wannan zaman ya kasance alamar da ke da muhimmanci.
Shi ya sa bitar sirri da ta tsaya a "babu takardar shaidar abokin ciniki" ke rasa sashin mai ban sha'awa. Tambayar da ya kamata a yi ita ce wace ɓangare ke riƙe da tabbatacciyar alama, ba wace saƙo ta ɓace daga musafahar ɗaya ba.
Rubuta halaye huɗu, ba hukunci ɗaya ba
Rubuta yarjejeniyar maɓalli, tabbatar da uwar garke, tabbatar da abokin ciniki da asalin manhaja a matsayin layuka huɗu daban, tare da shaidar kowanne. Wannan jeri yana jure canjin sigar yarjejeniya, kuma yana sa hujja kan sirri ta zama abin dubawa ga wani. Sannan ƙara abin da hanyar sadarwa ke bayarwa. VPN yana canza adireshin tushen da sabis ke gani; ba ya cire shiga, kuki ko sawun yatsa na na'ura da manhajar ke da shi tuni.
Rubuta sigar da aka tattauna ta haɗin da sakamakon neman takardar shaida tare, domin ita ce ma'auratan da mai bita ke buƙata don sake haifar da ƙarshenka ba tare da nasa rikodin ba.