Ka shigar da takardar shaidar, tana bayyana a Keychain Access da suna mai sauƙi, kuma mai zaɓin ainihi na abokin ciniki VPN har yanzu fanko ne. Abokin ciniki ba ya neman takardar shaida. Yana neman ainihi: takardar shaida da aka haɗa da maɓallin sirri wanda zai iya tabbatar da mallaka, an ajiye shi inda aka ba abokin ciniki izinin karanta shi.

Abin da abokin ciniki ke nema ainihi ne

Tsarin tsaro na Apple yana ɗaukar takardar shaida da ainihi a matsayin abubuwa daban-daban. Takardar shaida bayanai ne na jama'a. Ainihi ita ce wannan takardar tare da maɓallin sirrinta, kuma ainihin ne kaɗai zai iya kammala ƙalubale. Takardar shaidar CA amintacciya, a gefe guda, tana ba abokin ciniki damar tantance mai bayarwa; ba ta mai da na'urar mai riƙe da takardar shaidar abokin ciniki da aka bayar.

ItemWhat it can doWhat it cannot do
CA or server certificateValidate the gateway's chainAuthenticate this client
Client certificate without keyNothing for authenticationProve possession of anything
Identity (cert plus key)Answer the authentication challengeGuarantee the gateway accepts it

Shi ya sa shigo da fayil ɗin .cer ba ya taɓa samar da ainihin abokin ciniki da za a iya amfani da shi. Fayil ɗin yana ɗauke da kayan jama'a kawai, kuma komai yawan sake masa suna ko amincewa ba ya mai da shi nau'i biyu na maɓalli.

Dalilai uku da ya sa mai zaɓin ke zama fanko

Na farko shine rashin maɓallin sirri, wanda ke nufin tsarin rajista ko shigo da shi bai bayar da ɗaya ba. Na biyu shine ajiyar da abokin ciniki ba ya duba: bayanan martaba mai matakin mai amfani yana duba a cikin maɓallan mai amfani, kuma abin da aka sanya a ajiyar tsarin na iya zama ganuwa a gare shi. Na uku shine rashin daidaituwar manufa ko tsari, inda takardar shaidar ta wanzu amma ba ta inganta ba don tabbatar da abokin ciniki a ƙarƙashin ka'idojin turawa.

security find-identity -v -p ssl-client

Wannan yana lissafa ainihin da tsarin ke ɗauka ingantattu don tabbatar da abokin ciniki. Idan adadin ya zama sifili, matsalar tana gaban abokin ciniki VPN kuma babu wani gyaran bayanan martaba da zai gyara ta. Idan ainihin ya bayyana a nan amma ba a cikin abokin ciniki ba, banbancin yana cikin ajiya ko iyakar abokin ciniki.

Inda maɓallin sirri yake, kuma wa zai iya amfani da shi

Lokacin da ka shigo da ainihi ta Keychain Access, tattaunawar shigo da ta tana ba da ajiyar makoma. Wace makoma ce daidai ya dogara da abokin ciniki da kuma ko bayanan martaba na matakin mai amfani ne ko na na'ura. Tsohuwar amsa da ke ba da shawarar ajiyar tsarin ba ƙa'ida ce ta duniya ba, kuma kwafin abubuwa tsakanin ajiya ba gyara ba ne.

System Roots tarin amincewa ne. Sanya takardar shaida a can yana canza waɗanne masu bayarwa tsarin ke amincewa; ba ya ƙirƙirar maɓallin sirri, kuma ba ajiyar ainihi ba ne. Motsa takardun shaida marasa alaƙa don cika mai zaɓi irin gyaran ne da ke barin na'ura da tarin amincewa da aka faɗaɗa na dindindin.

Samun maɓallin sirri sarrafawa ne daban. Ba da izinin kowace aikace-aikace ta yi amfani da maɓallin yana magance matsalar zaɓin abokin ciniki ɗaya kuma yana ba da wannan damar ga duk sauran a cikin na'urar. Ba da shi ga abokin cinikin da yake buƙatarsa, kuma duba ko maɓallin yana samun goyon bayan kayan aiki ko an yi masa alamar ba za a iya fitar da shi ba; idan haka ne, dole ne a yi amfani da mai bayarwa da aka goyi bayan maimakon kwafin da aka fitar.

Yadda bayanan martaba ke nuni ga takardar shaidar

A cikin tsarin IKEv2 na asali da ake sarrafawa, bayanan martaba yana nuni ga kayan takardar shaidarsa ta hanyar PayloadCertificateUUID. Ainihin da aka nuni da shi da yadda aka tanadar da shi ne abin da ke da muhimmanci; gyara sunan da ake nunawa a cikin bayanan martaba ba ya gyara nuni da ke zuwa ga kayan da ba daidai ba ko wanda bai taɓa bayar da maɓalli ba.

Mai bayarwa na ɓangare na uku na iya amfani da hanyar zaɓi daban, kamar ajiyarsa ko sanarwar tsarin. Karanta takardun mai bayarwa maimakon canja tunanin bayanan martaba na asali, kuma tabbatar da nuni a cikin bayanan martabar da aka shigar da shi a zahiri, ba a cikin daftarin na'urar sarrafawa ba.

Zaɓi da karɓa matakai ne daban

Mai zaɓi da ya cika yana nufin abokin ciniki zai iya samun ainihi da amfani da shi. Bai ce komai ba game da ko ƙofa za ta karɓe shi. Uwar garken har yanzu yana duba mai bayarwa, taga inganci, matsayin sokewa da taswirar wannan takardar zuwa asusu.

Gwada matakai biyu a bayyane, a cikin wannan tsari. Tabbatar an ba da ainihin, haɗa, sannan ka nemi mai ƙofar ya tabbatar wace takarda aka gabatar da wace ka'idar taswira ta cinye ta. Idan abokin ciniki ya ba da ainihi kuma uwar garken ya ƙi shi, sauran aikin yana gefen uwar garken. Sake shigar da takardar a Mac ba zai canza wannan sakamakon ba, duk sau nawa aka maimaita.

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